95^ APPENDIX. BOOK II. 



in which conjugation and others in which fertilisation takes place. To be consistent with 

 the classification followed in this work, it ought to be divided into two sub-groups, one 

 belonging to the Zygosporeae, the other to the Oosporeae. Such a subdivision of the group, 

 and this holds equally with regard to the Siphoneae, would be obviously unnatural : the 

 most satisfactory mode of meeting the difficulty would be to combine the Zygosporeae and 

 the Oosporeae into one group. The following are the principal Orders of Fucoideae or 

 Melanophyceae (Falkenberg, Die Algen, Schenk's Handbuch, vol. II) : — 

 Order I. Fucaceae: reproduction by fertilisation ; no zoogonidia. 

 „ 2. Cutleriaceae : sexual cells both motile, the female being the larger ; asexual 



reproduction by zoogonidia. 

 „ 3. Phaeosporeae : sexual cells both motile at first, but the female cell comes 

 to rest before fertilisation ; asexual reproduction by zoogonidia. (Fer- 

 tilisation observed by Berthoid in Scytosiphon lomentarius and Ectocarpus 

 siliculosus.) 



a. Sphacelarieae. 



b. Ectocarpeae ; Mesoglceaceae ; Desmarestieae. 



c. Phyllitis ; Scytosiphon; Colpomenia ; Asperococcus ] Punctaria, 



d. Laminarieae. 

 „ 4. Tilopterideae. 



„ 5 (?) Dictyotaceae. 

 It is doubtful if the Dictyotaceae ought to be regarded as an Order of Fucoideae, for 

 they differ from the other members of this group in that they produce tetraspores, and in that 

 their antherozoids are not motile ; in these respects they approach the Florideae. Probably 

 the Dictyotaceae constitute a group of Algae intermediate between the Fucoideae and the 

 Florideae. 



In an interesting paper on Hy drums (Akad. d. Wiss. Krakau, 1881) Rostafinski 

 groups together the brown Algae as follows: — 

 Phaeoideae. 



1. Diatomaceae. 



2. Syngeneticae {Chromophyton, Hy drums) ; no sexual reproduction (agamic). 



3. Phaeosporeae; 



{a) agamae, 

 {b) isogamae, 

 {c) oogamae. 



4. Cutleriese. 



5. Fucaceae. 



6. Dictyoteae. 



Page 330. Lichens. Further evidence in support of the composite nature of 

 Lichens is afforded by the discovery that the fungal-element of the Lichen-genus Corat 

 Fries, is a basidiomycetous Fungus. (Contribuzioni alio studio del genere Cora, Fries, del 

 Dottore Oreste Mattirolo, Nuov. giorn. bot. ital. 1881 ; also Bot. Zeitg. 1 881, p. 865.) 



^cidiomycetes. On Hemikia 'vastatrix, a fungus which most probably is to be 

 referred to this group and which attacks Coffee plantations, see Marshall Ward, Q^.J. M.S., 

 1882. 



Page 335. Ustilagineae. Woronin, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Ustilagineen ; being 

 No. 5 of de Bary and Woronin's Beitrage zur Morph. und Physiol, d. Pilze, Frankfurt, 

 1882. 



Page 341. Relationships of the groups of Fungi. A short account may be given 

 here of de Bary's views respecting the affinities of the groups of the higher Fungi as 

 expressed in No. 4 of his Beitrage (1881). He considers that the Ascomycetes are con- 

 nected with the Peronosporeae through the Erysipheae : the Uredineae form one of the 

 more highly developed groups of the Ascomycetous series. Among Basidiomycetes the 

 Tremellineae are closely connected with those Uredineae which have no ^cidium-forra 

 {e. g. Chrysomyxa Abietis), their basidia being regarded by de Bary as homologous with the 



