to take care of moderate increases in land area. As indicated in Table 13 

 the rental of twelve additional acres of land results in additional returns 

 to labor and management of $1,195. 



Feed More Grain and Less Hay 



More cows can be fed on a given area of forage by reducing the amount 

 of hay fed and increasing the grain ratio. In the basic situation the grain 

 ratio was one pound of grain to four pounds of milk. By increasing grain 

 feeding to one pound of grain for each two and one-half pounds of milk, 

 enough hay can be saved to increase the herd size by three cows and two 

 replacements. Receipts increase by $1,583; however, expenses go up by 

 more than that leaving a net loss in returns to labor and management of 

 $109. In this situation it would not pay to increase grain feeding by that 

 much; but it is possible that it would pay to change the ratio to 1 to 3 

 or 1 to 31/0. This, however, would not change the number of cows in the 

 herd sufficiently to provide a realistic example. It is probably true that the 

 ratio at which grain is fed is more properly related to the prices of grain, 

 of hay and of milk; keeping the utilization of a given forage supply as 

 only a secondary factor in this respect. 



Table 14. Estimated Change in Annual Net Returns from Feeding 

 More Grain and Less Hav — Three Cows Added. 



Changes in Returns 



Milk sales 

 Livestock (culls) 

 Corn grain 



Total 



$1,500 



167 



— 84 



$1,583 



Changes in Expenses 

 Livestock: Feed 



Breeding and veterinary 

 Milk testing and marketing 

 Miscellaneous 



$1,297 

 34 

 78 

 93 



Other: Building repair 

 Taxes 



Depreciation 

 Interest 



Total 



Estimated Change in Net Returns to Labor and Management 



21 

 18 

 31 



120 



$1,692 

 — $ 109 



17 



