PEPPER MULBERRY 245 



istics of the disease as it occurs on the pepper, so far as 

 known, are the same as on the pigeon-pea (see page 98). 

 The pepper plants are also attacked by the nematode 

 gall worm (Heterodera radicicola), which, in addition 

 to the injuries which it causes, no doubt facilitates 

 infection by the Nectria. 



A. root disease of the pepper has also been reported 

 from Mysore, but without satisfactory data for dis- 

 cussion. 



A soil fungus, which is said to be related to 

 Dematophora necatrix, Hartig., is also reported from 

 the East Indies, and the destruction of the plants by 

 fire is recommended for its control. 



MULBERRY 



Twig Disease. This disease is due to the fungus 

 Coryneum mori, Mom. , and so far as known occurs only 

 in India and Japan. It affects nursery stock and full- 

 grown trees, but seldom attacks trunks or branches of 

 more than one inch in diameter. It produces a canker 

 which may spread along the branch for as much as three 

 inches before completely girdling it. The part of the 

 branch beyond the point of attack dies, but the disease 

 does not spread backward. It stunts the growth of the 

 larger trees and frequently attacks and girdles young 

 trees near the ground. It becomes visible externally by 

 a bursting out through cracks in the bark of a number 

 of hard black cushions of fungus tissue, after which the 

 affected area becomes depressed and dark. It grows 

 upon dead parts of the plant fully as well as, or better 

 than, on the living parts. The mycelium of the fungus 

 is confined to the bast cells and inner bark cells until it 

 breaks through to form its fruiting structure. It is a 

 wound parasite, and it is very doubtful if it can gain 

 entrance through heathy bark. It also occurs on Celtis 

 caucasica. 



The only satisfactory remedy is to cut and burn the 

 diseased parts, and also all dead wood. Pieces of dead 



