4 THE COMMON WOLF. 



Lupus sticte, Richardson, Fauna B.- Americana, p. 68 (1829). 



Le Loup, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. vii. p. 39 (1758), and Supplement, 



vol. vii. pp. 161-217 (1789); F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. des 



Mammiferes, vol. ii. (1824). 



BLACK VARIETY. 



Lycaon, Erxleben, Syst. Nat. (Mammalia), p. 560 (1777). 

 Canis lycaon, Desmarest, Mammalogie, p. 198 (1820); Harlan, Fauna 



Americana, p. 82 (1825) ; Cuvier, Regne An. vol. i. p. 154. 

 Lupus ater, Richardson, Fauna B.-Americana, p. 113 (1829) ; Audubon 



and Bachman, Quadrupeds of N. Amer. vol. ii. p. 126, 



pi. 67 (1851). 



Canis niger, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 654, pi. 78. 

 Loup noir, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. ix. p. 362, pi. 41 ; F. Cuvier, Hist. 



Nat. des Mammiferes, vol. ii. 



WHITE VARIETY. 

 Canis (Lupus) albus, Sabine, in Franklin's Journey to Polar Sea, p. 655 



(1823); Audubon and Bachman, Quadrupeds of N. Amer. 



vol. ii. p. 156, pi. 72 (1851). 

 Lupus albus, Richardson, Fauna B.-Americana, p. 68. 



THIS animal is the largest and most dreaded of the CanidaB. Its 

 ferocity and the ravages often made by wolves are matters of common 

 notoriety, so that even naturalists, following Buffon, have declared it to 

 be really untamable and incapable of true attachment. We have, 

 however, ourselves seen a Spanish she-wolf of extreme gentleness. She 

 would come to be caressed, wagging her tail, and showing the signs of 

 pleasure a domestic dog would exhibit. F. Cuvier describes one which 

 had been brought up in domesticity, was perfectly tame and very 

 strongly attached to its master, who presented it to the Jardin des 

 Plantes. Thus left, it became for a time gloomy and ate little, but after- 

 wards began to attach itself to its keepers. Eighteen months later its 

 old master came to see it, and at the first sound of his voice it was 

 violently excited. On being set free, it lavished on its master all the 

 caresses a dog would bestow. Being again tried in the same way, 

 for a period of three years, it once more exhibited, in a similar manner, 

 on its master's return, the tenacity of its memory and the vivacity 

 of its attachment. There is no doubt but that wolves are easily tamed 



