174 THE DOMESTIC DOG. 



Again, when about to rest, the turning round two or three times with 

 the object of forming a hole in which to rest may be noticed in pet 

 dogs about to lie down upon the hearth-rug, a habit evidently acquired 

 by inheritance from their wild ancestors. 



" The whining, growling, and howling of Wolves, Jackals, and Dogs 

 are so much alike as to be indistinguishable; but the barking of 

 Dogs is undoubtedly an acquired habit, and doubtless due to domes- 

 tication. 



""Wolves and Jackals in a wild state never bark, nor do Esquimaux 

 Dogs nor Dirigos, but if kept associated with barking dogs, these and 

 other wild dogs in many instances acquire the habit of barking. 



" A well-known instance of this occurred under my notice. A wild 

 Antarctic Wolf, after a few months, hearing the barking of dogs in the 

 immediate neighbourhood, began to bark, and succeeded admirably. 

 The same thing has happened to my knowledge in the case of pure-bred 

 Esquimaux Dogs and Dingos." 



This practical naturalist thus strongly declares himself in favour of 

 the view that the Dog is derived from the Wolf* and the Jackalf. 



It now but remaii 

 which exist 



cated amongst certain more or less savage tribes of mankind, other 

 than the Australians. 



The Pacific Islanders, when first discovered, already possessed a 



* It has been remarked with respect to the Dog and the Wolf, by Dr. H. Landois 

 (Morphologisches Jahrbuch, vol. ix. (1884), p. 163), that the intestines of the former 

 are much longer compared with the length of the body than those of the latter 5 or 

 6 to 1 instead of 4 to 1 ; but there is much individual variation in this matter, and, 

 besides, domestication and change of food seem to lengthen the intestine in other 

 animals, and therefore probably in the Dog (see Darwin's ' Variation of Animals and 

 Plants,' vol. i. p. 73). 



t The reader desirous of considering other expressions of opinion not already cited 

 may refer to three other papers by Woldrich. One of these is in the Denkschr. Akad. 

 Wien, xxxix. Abth. ii. pp. 97-148 ; another is in the Mitth. anthrop. Gesellschaft in 

 Wien, xi. p. 8 ; and the third in the last-named periodical, vol. xii. pp. 27 and 153. 

 We may mention yet another by Studer on "Dogs in relation to ancient Lake- 

 dwellings," in Mitth. naturf. Gesellschaft in Bern (1884), i. p. 3. 



*^ 



ut remains for us briefly to notice certain breeds of Dogs 

 in *a*1^raTconaraoh which have run wild or are domesti- 



