210 RIVER AND POND DUCKS 



ing. The bird flew at least 85 miles a day for 28 days to cover the dis- 

 tance in that length of time. 



Of the future of the Blue-winged Teal, Bennett (1938) says: "Since 

 1900 about 90 per cent of the Blue-winged Teal breeding habitat has 

 been eliminated in the United States by drought, drainage, and agricul- 

 ture. About 50 per cent of the breeding range in Canada has been de- 

 stroyed by the same factors. . . . The federal and state governments and 

 private organizations have set up refuges along the lines of migratory 

 movement that have been beneficial to the Blue-winged Teal during the 

 spring and fall flights. The shooting areas in the past have outnumbered 

 by far the refuge areas. . . . It is certain that the present refuges are 

 inadequate. The United States has but little control over the Blue- 

 winged Teal on the wintering grounds, as at least 95 per cent of the 

 birds winter south of the southern boundary." The United States has a 

 migratory bird treaty with Mexico but "it will take years to impress the 

 people of Mexico to abide by the provisions in that treaty. ... In 

 countries, such as Mexico, where the Blue-winged Teal is heavily 

 hunted, adequate wintering-ground refuges should be established." 



Cinnamon Teal 



Querquedula cyanoptera 



(Anas cyanoptera cyanoptera, of Peters) 



(kwer-kwe"d-u-la, si-an-6p-ter-a; a-nas) 



Colour Plates Nos. 13 and 14. Downy Young No. 33. 



SCIENTIFIC NAME 



Querquedula, Latin, the name of a kind of small duck; cyanoptera, from Greek 

 kuanos, meaning blue, and pteron, meaning wing. Anas, Latin, meaning duck. 



COLLOQUIAL NAMES 



IN LOCAL USE: Blueing; blue-winged teal; red-breasted teal; red teal; river teal; 

 silver teal. 



DESCRIPTION 



ADULT MALE. WINTER PLUMAGE: Head and neck, rich, dark cinnamon red, 

 with blackish crown; chin, brownish black; bill, black, sometimes pinkish on lower 

 mandible, longer than head and narrow; eye, orange. Body. Foreback, dusky, marked 

 with cinnamon red, hindback, dusky brown, with lighter edgings and a few cinnamon- 

 red markings; rump, dusky brown, with lighter edgings; scapulars, shorter ones, 

 cinnamon, marked with black, longer ones, dusky brown, marked with buffy, 

 greenish black and cinnamon, outer feathers blue; chest and sides, rich cinnamon 

 red, shading into blackish brown on breast; belly, like breast, but often barred with 

 black; feet, dull orange yellow, webs dusky. Tail, upper surface, blackish brown, edged 



