410 



Key to Plate No. 11 Plate No. 11 -> 



AUTUMN PLUMAGES 



(A) AMERICAN PINTAIL, adult male in early stage of autumn moult. 



(B) AMERICAN PINTAIL, adult male in later stage of autumn moult. 



(C) GAD WALL, adult male in early stage of autumn moult. 



(D) GAD WALL, adult male in later stage of autumn moult. 



(E) BALDPATE, adult male in early stage of autumn moult. 



(F) BALDPATE, adult male in later stage of autumn moult. 

 Note : Wings during this moult are as in full winter plumage. 



EXPLANATION OF THE AUTUMN MOULT 



During autumn, the males of the clucks are moulting out of the "eclipse" 

 plumage, which closely resembles that of the female, into the full winter plu- 

 make of the drake. A careful examination of the plumage characters will dis- 

 close some indications of the male winter dress slight in the early autumn but 

 progressively increasing as the season advances. The full range of the moult 

 will be best appreciated if the plates showing the female plumage and that of 

 the male in winter are examined at the same time as this plate. 



Young males of the year follow much the same sequence of moult out of the 

 juvenile plumage (which also resembles that of the female) and are similar to 

 adult males during the autumn moult, except for the wings, which differ as stated 

 in "Description" of Juvenile in the text. 



Consult "Specimen Identification" in the text, and section on "Identification 

 of a Specimen in Hand." 



Winter plumages : 



American Pintail, Plate No. 10. 

 Gadwall, Plate No. 10. 

 Baldpate, Plate No. 9. 



Text : American Pintail, page 189 ; Gadwall, page 175 ; Baldpate, page 

 183. 



