Preparation and Salaries of Teachers in High Schools 115 



a combination of technical courses in agriculture and educa- 

 tion; the other by courses in agricultural subject matter, organ- 

 ized with special reference to the needs of public school teachers, 

 and including as much incidental pedagogy as the fitness or 

 inclination of the instructor may permit. 



In universities having technical courses in both agriculture 

 and education, the question is one chiefly of administration. 

 The separate agricultural colleges have begun to solve the prob- 

 lem by creating departments to present some of the fundamental 

 work in education. This has been done by the state agricultural 

 colleges of Indiana (Purdue University), Kansas, ]\Iassachu- 

 setts, Alichigan, Mississippi, North Dakota, and doubtless others. 

 The departmental instruction has, so far, generally been given 

 by men trained in the history and philosophy of education and 

 with more or less experience in school administration, ^klore 

 often than not, their special training in agriculture or natural 

 science has been slight. 



The second plan is now followed less exclusively than formerly 

 in several state universities, which are effecting a closer union 

 between the technical courses in agriculture and education, and 

 is now being used rather to supplement that combination. Good 

 instances of this change are furnished by the state universities 

 of Illinois, Missouri, and Wisconsin. All of these, as well as 

 the ^Massachusetts Agricultural College, offer courses usually 

 designated as " agricultural education." Oklahoma Agricul- 

 tural College has, and University of Tennessee had, an official 

 whose function is, in a way, similar to that of the newly 

 appointed supervisor of agricultural education in the New York 

 Education Department. In most of these cases, the amount of 

 pedagogical training has probably been commensurate with the 

 scientific attainments of the professors of education in the sep- 

 arate state agricultural colleges. 



It will be seen then that the term " agricultural education " 

 is used in w'idely different senses ; in some cases meaning prin- 

 ciples of education when taught in a college of agriculture, and 

 in other cases meaning principles of agriculture when taught 

 in a college of education. These two kinds of work should be 

 differentiated by being called respectively, " principles of edu- 



