DISSECTION OF THE HEAD AND NECK 



201 



either simple or bearing secondary papilla?. They are largest on the 

 upper half of the dorsum (anterior or upper surface), to which they 

 give a distinct pile. 



2. The Fungiform Papilla (Fig. 23, 6') are mushroom-shaped, being- 

 expanded at the summit, which bears secondary papillae. They are 

 scattered along the dorsum and sides of the tongue, being most numerous 

 in its middle portion. 



3. The Circumvallate Papillce are generally two in number, and are 

 placed on the dorsum, one on each side of the middle line, about five 

 inches from the epiglottis. Sometimes there is a third and smaller 



Fig. 23. 



View of the Tongue and Pterygo-maxillary Region after Removal of the Lower 

 Jaw and the Parotid Gland (Leisering an<> Miiller). 



1. Submaxillary salivary gland; 2 and 2'. Wharton's duct; 3. Sublingual gland; 4. Ducts of 

 Rivinius ; 4'. Openings of the same ; 5. The tongue ; 6. Left papilla foliata ; 6'. Fungiform papillae ; 

 7. Anterior pillar of the fauces; 8. Stylo-glossus muscle (cut); 9. Mylo-hyoid muscle (partly cut 

 away) ; 10. Genio-glossus muscle ; 11. Lower belly of the digastricus (cut) ; 12. Stylo-hyoid muscle ; 

 13. Stylo-maxillaris muscle ; 14. Occipito-styloid muscle; 15 and 17. Jugular vein ; 16. Submaxil- 

 lary vein ; IS. Wing of atlas ; 19. Great cornu of the hyoid bone ; 20. Pharynx ; 21. (Esophagus. 



papilla, placed on the middle line, about three-quarters of an inch 

 above the other two. Each is isolated by a circular trench, and is 

 terminated by a flat summit, which is level with the surrounding sur- 

 face, and bears numerous secondary papillae. They contain the peculiar 

 gustatory bodies, to which fibres of the glossopharyngeal nerve are 

 distributed. 



4. The Papillce Foliatce (Fig. 23, 6), also known as Mayer's organs* 

 are situated near the root of the tongue, one on each side, in front of 

 the anterior pillar of the fauces. Each presents itself as a slightly pro- 

 jecting oval patch, of which the long diameter measures about half an 

 inch. On close inspection there will be seen on the surface of each patch 



