210 THE ANATOMY OF THE HORSE. 



tendon is reflected inwards on the hamular or pulley-like process of the 

 pterygoid bone, a synovial bursa intervening, and expands on the pos- 

 terior surface of the fibrous aponeurosis of the palate. 



Action. — To tense the anterior half of the palate. 



The Levator Palati (Plate 32). This muscle is placed between the 

 preceding and the Eustachian tube. It arises with the tensor palati 

 from the styloid process and the Eustachian tube. Reaching the upper 

 wall of the pharynx, it passes beneath the pterygo-pharyngeus to gain 

 the pharyngeal surface of the palate, where it expands. 



Action. — To raise the velum towards the roof of the pharynx, and 

 thus to shut off the communication between the pharynx and the nasal 

 chambers. 



The Azygos Uvul/E, which in man is situated in the uvula, was 

 named from the belief that it was a single muscle. It consists, how- 

 ever, of right and left halves applied together on the middle line of the 

 soft palate. In order to expose them, it will be necessary to remove 

 from the oral surface of the velum a portion of the palato-pharyngeus 

 muscles on each side of the middle line. The origin of the muscle is 

 from the fibrous aponeurosis of the palate, and it terminates at the free 

 edge of the curtain. 



Action. — To raise the free edge of the velum. 



The Staphyline Artery is a slender vessel arising from the internal 

 maxillary artery, above the maxillary hiatus. It reaches the velum by 

 passing in the staphyline groove, along with the nerve of the same name 

 and the palatine vein. 



The Pharyngeal Artery (Plate 32), a branch of the submaxillary, 

 crosses the pharynx, and gives its terminal branches to the soft palate. 



The Veins of the soft palate enter either the lingual vein or the 

 palatine vein, which lies in the staphyline groove. 



Nerves. — The staphyline nerve will be found with the artery, in the 

 groove of the same name. It comes from the superior maxillary division 

 of the 5th nerve. It carries not only sensory fibres to the mucous 

 membrane of the palate, but also motor fibres, which come from the 7th 

 nerve through the spheno-palatine ganglion, and are distributed to the 

 levator and probably also to the azygos uvulae. 



The nerve to the tensor comes from the 5th, through the otic 

 ganglion. 



THE PHARYNX, THE HYOID BONE, AND THE BASE OF THE SKULL. 



Directions. — Take Plate 32 as a guide, and remove the greater portion 

 of the large cornu of the hyoid bone, making the upper section with the 

 bone-foreceps just below the point at which the external carotid artery 

 crosses the hinder edge of the cornu, and the lower a little above the 



