ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OP 



middle cuneiform bone (os cuneiforme 

 medium). 



Q. What is the situation of the middle 

 cuneiform bone ? — A. It is situated be- 

 neath the large cuneiform. 



Q. What is the relative size of the ossa 

 cuneiformis ? — A. The one beneath the 

 astragalus is the largest ; the middle is the 

 medium ; and that at the posterior part of 

 the hock is the smallest. 



small cuneiform bone (o3 cuneiforme 

 parvum). 



Q. What is the situation of the small 

 cuneiform bone ? — A. It is situated at the 

 posterior part of the hock. 



Q. What are the articulations of this 

 bone ? — A. It articulates superiorly with 

 the internal angle of the large cuneiform ; 

 anteriorly, with the same angle of the mid- 

 dle cuneiform ; posteriorly, with the inter- 

 nal splent bone and cannon. 



HIND CANNON (oS METATARSI MAGNUM). 



Q. What is the popular name of the 

 hind cannon ? — A. Shank-bone. 



Q. How does it compare in length with 

 the cannon of the fore extremities ? — A. It 

 is about one-sixth part longer than the fore 

 cannon. 



Q. Is there any difference in the supe- 

 rior surfaces of the fore and hind cannons ? 

 — A. Yes ; the superior surface of the fore 

 cannon corresponds to the surfaces of the 

 inferior bones of the carpus ; the superior 

 extremity of the hind cannon closely resem- 

 bles the surfaces of the middle and small 

 cuneiform bones, and also that of the 

 cuboid. 



Q. How do the hind and fore cannons 

 differ in conformation ? — A. The bone of 

 the hind extremity is more circular and 

 prominent, anteriorly, than the forward 

 one. 



METATARSI PARVIUM (hIND SPLENTS.) 



Q. What is the situation of the metatarsi 

 par\-ium? — A. They are situated at the 

 posterior part of the hind cannon. 



Q. How are the hind splents recognized 



from those of fore limbs ? — A. The hind 

 splents are longer than the fore ; their bodies 

 are more circular and prominent forward, 

 and the superior extremities correspond to 

 a part of the cuneiform and cuboid bones ; 

 while the superior extremities of the forward 

 splents correspond to a portion of the in- 

 ferior row of the bones of the knee. 



We now come to the bones articulating 

 beneath the inferior extremity of the hind 

 cannon, viz., pastern, sessamoid, coronet, 

 coffin, and navicular bones. These, according 

 to the opinion of JNIr. Percivall, " so closely 

 resemble their fellows of the fore extremity" 

 that we shall dispense w4th examinations 

 regarding them, merely remarking that the 

 bones of the hind feet are generally broader 

 in a lateral and posterior direction than 

 those of the fore ; the pastern and coronet 

 bones are somewhat longer than their fellows 

 forward. 



BONES OF THE EAR. 



Q. Name the bones of the ear. — A. 

 Malleus, incus, stapes, and orbiculare. 



Q. What is the form of the malleus? — 

 A. It appears to resemble a mallet. 



Q. Name the long process or handle. — 

 A. ]\Ianubrium. 



Q. To what is the manubrium attached? 



— A. To the membrana tympani. 



Q. Describe the form of the incus. — A. 

 It is said to resemble a blacksmith's anvil, 

 but, probably, approaches nearer to the 

 figure of a molar tooth ; it has a depression 

 on its surface, which receives the head of 

 the malleus. 



Q. Describe the stapes. — A. It resem- 

 bles in form a common iron stirrup, yet has 

 a more triangular appearance. 



Q. With what bone does it articulate? 



— A. The OS orbiculare. 



Q. Describe the os orbiculare. — A. It is 

 the smallest bone of the body, not exceeding 

 in size a grain of mustard-seed. 



Q. What is its use in the mechanism of 

 the ear ? — A. It forms the medium of 

 junction and communication between the 

 incus and stapes, and facilitates the motions 

 of the latter bones. 



