THE HORSE. 



183 



lumbar lymphatics. The absorbents of the 

 colon and coecum caput coli run to the 

 glands set at intervals along the intestinal 

 tube, whence they proceed to the recepta- 

 culum chyli. 



" 5. LTjmphatics of the Liver, Stomach, 

 Spleen, and Omentum. — The hepatic trunk 

 comprises the lymphatics issuing from the 

 above viscera. This branch of the recepta- 

 culum chyli not uncommonly consists of 

 two divisions, and receives in addition to the 

 above-mentioned vessels many ramifications 

 from the crura of the diaphragm. 



" The lymphatics of the pancreas, like 

 the above, also run with the divisions of 

 its veins, and join either those of the liver 

 or those of the spleen : some proceed di- 

 rectly to the common hepatic trunk. 



" II. RAMIFICATIONS TERMINATING IN THE 

 THORACIC PORTION OF THE MAIN COMMON 

 DUCT. 



''1. Lymphatics of the Parietes of the 

 Thorax. — The superficial absorbents of 

 the chest take their rise either from the sur- 

 face of the skin or else from the subcuta- 

 neous muscles ; they form several large 

 branches which accompany the thoracic 

 cutaneous vein, unite with the superficial 

 lymphatics coming from the anterior parie- 

 tes of the abdomen, and proceed to the 

 axillary glands. 



" The deep-seated set take divers direc- 

 tions, and pass through the different sets of 

 glands. The pectoral, which anastomose 

 with ramifications from the abdomen, fol- 

 low the pectoral vein, and reach one or two 

 glands at the entrance of the chest. The 

 intercostal spring from the pleura and in- 

 tercostal muscles, accompany the intercos- 

 tal veins, pervade the internal dorsal glands, 

 and terminate by several branches in the 

 thoracic duct. 



" The lymphatics of the fleshy part of 

 the diaphragm unite, some with the poste- 

 rior intercostal, others with pectoral ; those 

 coming from the crura run to the dorsal 

 glands, where they anastomose with the 

 intercostal : those from the cordiform ten- 

 don anastomose with the deep hepatic, run 



forward between the layers of mediasti- 

 num, nearly to the heart, and enter the car- 

 diac glands. 



" 2. Lymphatics of the Thoracic Viscera. 

 — The absorbents of the different organs 

 contained within the thorax traverse one or 

 several of the bronchial or cardiac glands, 

 and afterwards form divers branches, which 

 end in the thoracic duct. The pulmonary 

 lymphatics, very numerous, are distin- 

 guished into superficial and deep-seated. 

 The first take their rise from the surface of 

 the lungs, creep along under their envelop- 

 ing membrane, and make for one or more 

 of the bronchial glands. The deep set, 

 which orisfinate from the air-cells and from 

 the parenchymatous tissue, follow the di- 

 visions of the pulmonary veins, run to the 

 roots of the bronchiae ; there unite with 

 the superficial, and perforate one or two of 

 the bronchial glands. 



" The cardiac lymphatics derive their 

 origin either from the surfaces (both exte- 

 rior and interior) of the heart, or from the 

 muscular substance of the organ ; they 

 mount upon the curvature of the posterior 

 aorta, and disappear in the cardiac glands. 



" The lymphatics of the superior part of 

 the mediastinum, and of the esophagus, 

 join, some the intercostal, and others the 

 bronchial ; those coming from the anterior 

 part of this membranous partition, from 

 the thymus, trachea, and esophagus, unite, 

 either with the pectoral, or close with the 

 cardiac and anterior intercostal. 



" 3. Lymphatics of the Head. — The 

 lymphatics of the head form two planes, 

 a superficial and a deep one. The super- 

 ficial pursue the course of the cutaneous 

 veins, and run in part to the sublingual 

 and utteral glands. The deep vessels, 

 which come from the nostrils, fauces, palate, 

 etc., also run to the gutteral and sublingual, 

 in which they unite with the superficial. 

 From these two groups of glands, through 

 which pass the lymphatics of the head, de- 

 part several large branches, two or three of 

 which descend upon the anterior face of the 

 trachea; others follow the course of the 

 deep-seated and cutaneous veins, unite with 



