A DICTIONARY. 



229 



grass. "When taken up, he appeared per- 

 fectly free from the disorder. He was shot ; 

 and, upon examining the lungs, they had 

 not the slightest appearance of disease." 

 This proved the superiority of natui-e's 

 i*emedies over those of man. The same 

 author relates that he purchased a broken- 

 winded horse that was incapable of work- 

 ing. By allowing him only a small quan- 

 tity of hay, sprinkled with water, giving 

 mashes, mixed with a small quantity of 

 oats, and only a small quantity of water, 

 taking care at the same time that he had 

 regular and moderate exercise, his wind be- 

 came gradually better, and he afterwards 

 was perfectly free from the complaint. 



The author has examined the lungs of 

 two horses which were said to be afflicted, 

 for some time previous to death, with bro- 

 ken wind, without detecting a loss of con- 

 tinuity in their structure ; neither was their 

 specific gravity diminished. 



Bronchia. — (See Windpipe.) 



Bronchotomy. — The operation of open- 

 ing the windpipe for the purpose of produc- 

 ing artificial respiration, or to remove any 

 substances that may have lodged in the 

 upper part of the larynx. 



Burns are best treated by a mixture of 

 equal portions of lime-water and linseed 

 oil, the parts being frequently anointed with 

 the mixture. 



BuRSiE Mucosa. Mucous Bags, or Sacs. 

 — These are described as membranous sacs, 

 containing a fluid similar to synovia, or 

 joint oil, and interposed between tendons 

 and the parts on which they move. In 

 violent exertions these vascular membranes, 

 which secrete and confine the synovia, are 

 injured ; hence we have windgalls, bog- 

 spavin, etc. 



BuTTERis. — An instrument used by 

 horse-shoers for paring the horse's hoofs. 



Cjecvm. — The blind gut. So named 

 because it is open at one end only. In the 

 horse this part of the intestines is remark- 

 ably large. 



Calf, Diseases of. — Many of the dis- 

 eases of calves originate in a disordered 

 state of the stomach, either from taking too 



much milk at a time, or from the milk not 

 being sufficiently fresh, or being taken from 

 a cow whose health is impaired. When- 

 ever the stomach is disordered, either by the 

 quantity or quality of the milk, it causes a 

 variety of disorders, such as scouring, want 

 of appetite, costiveness, colic, yellows, con- 

 vulsions, etc. 



Calkins. — A name given to the promi- 

 nences on horses' shoes, which are turned 

 downward for the purpose of preventing 

 their slipping. 



Calving. — At the end of nine lunar 

 months the period of the cow's gestation is 

 complete ; but the parturition does not ex- 

 actly take place at that time, — it is some- 

 times earlier, at others later. " One hun- 

 dred and sixteen cows had their time of 

 calving registered : fourteen of them calved 

 from the two hundred and forty-first day to 

 the- two hundred and sixty-sixth day, — 

 that is, eight months and one day to eight 

 months and twenty-six days ; three on the 

 two hvmdi-ed and seventieth day ; fifty-six 

 from the two hundred and seventieth to the 

 two hundred and eightieth day ; eighteen 

 from the two hundred and eightieth to the 

 two hundred and ninetieth day ; t\venty on 

 the three hundredth day ; five on the three 

 hundred and eighth day ; consequently there 

 were sixty-seven days between the two ex- 

 tremes. Immediately before calving, the 

 animal appears uneasy; the tail is elevated; 

 she shifts about from place to place, and is 

 frequently lying down and getting up again. 

 The labor pains then come on, and, by the 

 expulsive power of the womb, the foetus, 

 with the membranes enveloping it, is pushed 

 forward. At first the membranes appear 

 beyond the vagina or shape, in the form of 

 a bladder of water: this soon bursts, the 

 water is discharged, the head and fore feet 

 of the calf are protruded (in natural labor) 

 beyond the shape. The body next appears, 

 and the delivery is complete. In a little 

 time afterwards, some triffing pains take 

 place, which separate the afterbirth, or 

 cleansings ; and, these being expelled, the 

 process is finished. 



When the membrane breaks, and the 



