A DICTIONARY. 



231 



opium or digitalis for chronic coughs. 

 Given for any length of time, it pervades 

 the system, and is excreted by the lungs and 

 kidneys. 



Cantharides. — Spanish Fly* — Several 

 preparations of cantharides are now in use 

 for example, 



Vinegar of Cantliarides. 

 Talce of Catharides in powder, . 1 part, 

 " Diluted acetic acid, . . 8 parts. 

 Macerate for fom-teen days, and filter. 



Oil of Cantharides. 

 Cantharides in powder, . . 1 part. 



Olive oil, 8 parts. 



Digest in a water bath for tsvo hours, and filter for use. 



Ointment of Cantharides. 

 Take Cantharides in powder, . 1 part. 



" " Hogs lard, . . 6 parts. 



Digest in a water bath and filter through paper. 



Capped Hock. — A swelling on the point 

 of the hock, generally occasioned by blows ; 

 they seldom cause lameness ; but, as they 

 are a considerable blemish, an attempt 

 should be made to reduce them by counter- 

 irritants ; friction is also useful. 



Capsicum. — In its pure state it contains 

 tonic and stimulant properties. It increases 

 the physiological or healthy action of the 

 system. 



Capsular Ligament. — The ligament by 

 which two bones are joined together. It 

 forms a complete sac round them, and serves 

 to confine the synovia, or joint oil. 



Caraway Seeds. — These are cordial 

 and carminative. The dose is from one to 

 two ounces. 



Carbon. — Pure charcoal, unmixed with 

 any foreign body. It is ■ antiseptic and 

 absorbent ; useful as a poultice for putrid 

 sores. 



Carditis. — Inflammation of the heart. 



Caries. — Ulceration or rottenness of a 

 bone. 



Carminatives. — Medicines that correct 

 flatulency, or expel wind ; the principal of 

 these are the caraway and fennel seeds. 



Carotid Artery. — A large artery, that 

 runs on each- side of the neck, near the 

 windpipe. The jugular vein runs immedi- 



* Morton's Jlanual. 



ately over the artery. Yet at the upper part 

 of the neck they are at such a distance that 

 there is no danger of wounding the latter in 

 bleeding. 



Cartilage. — Gristle. A smooth, elastic 

 substance attached to bones. Cartilages 

 are situated in parts where elasticity is 

 required ; they render the parts connected 

 with them capable of slight changes of form, 

 and instant recovery, to accommodate them- 

 selves to accidents and circumstances, with- 

 out serious injury to themselves. There are 

 also inter-articular cartilages ; that is, flat, 

 smooth cartilages, between the ends of two 

 bones. These, being covered with synovia, 

 or joint oil, serve to facilitate the motion of 

 the joint. 



Castor. — A peculiar matter found in 

 sacs, near the rectum of the beaver. It is 

 used as an anti-spasmodic, in doses of two 

 drachms (for a horse), mixed in thin gruel. 



Castration. — An operation often per- 

 formed on horses, and other domestic ani- 

 mals. The best method of performing it is 

 by means of the clams, and ligature. 



Cataplasm, or Poultice. — This appli- 

 cation, when designed to promote suppura- 

 tion, or formation of matter, is best made 

 by mixing together equal parts of slippery 

 elm and flax-seed, pouring a sufficient 

 quantity of boiling water on the mixture, to 

 make it of the consistence of mush, and 

 binding it on the part ; the bandage should 

 not be so tight as to interfere with the 

 return of blood by the veins. A poultice 

 should always be renewed every twelve 

 hours. 



Cataract. — A disease of the horse's 

 eye. A cataract may be partial or total. 

 The partial cataract is known by specks in 

 the pupil, which interrupt vision in propor- 

 tion to their size, and according to their 

 situation. In the total or complete cata- 

 ract, the whole of the pupil becomes of a 

 white or pearl color. A horse's sight is least 

 injured by partial cataract, when the speck 

 is most remote from the centre of the pupil, 

 and near to the upper margin. When a 

 complete cataract takes place in one eye, 

 the strength of the other becomes estab- 



