A DICTIONAEY. 



245 



anti-spasmodic drinks. This will relieve 

 the stricture of the surface, and permit the 

 egress of morbific matter, which would 

 otherwise be thrown on the lungs, or kid- 

 neys. If there is not sufficient power in 

 the system to determine action to the sur- 

 face, then administer diffusible stimulants. 

 Mr. Youatt remarks : " Improper stable 

 management is a more frequent cause of 

 glanders than contagion. The air which is 

 necessary to respiration is changed and em- 

 poisoned in its passage through the lungs ; 

 and a fresh supply is necessary for the sup- 

 port of life. That supply may be sufficient 

 barely to support life, but not to prevent 

 the vitiated air from again and again pass- 

 ing to the lungs, and producing irritation 

 and disease. The membrane of the nose, 

 possessed of extreme sensibility, is easily 

 irritated by this poison. Professor Cole- 

 man relates a case which proves to demon- 

 stration the rapid and fatal agency of this 

 cause. ' In the expedition to Quiberon, the 

 liorses had not been long on board the 

 transports, before it became necessary to 

 shut down the hatchways : the consequence 

 of this was, that some of them were suffo- 

 cated, and that all the rest were disem- 

 barked either glandered or farcied. In a 

 close stable, the air is not only vitiated by 

 breathing, but there are other and more 

 powerful sources of mischief. The dung 

 and the urine are suffered to remain, fer- 

 menting and giving out injurious gases.' " 



Glands. — Soft, spongy substances in 

 various parts of the body, which serve to 

 secrete particular humors from the blood. 

 They are vulgarly called kernels. 



Gleet. — A discharge of a mucous fluid 

 from the urethra, vagina, or nostrils. 



Glottis. — The upper part of the larynx, 

 or top of the windpipe. The sensibility of 

 this part is so great, that, if any substance 

 happen to fall into the larynx, the most 

 painful and distressing symptoms are pro- 

 duced ; and, unless the extraneous matter be 

 expelled by coughing, or removed by an 

 operation (bronchotomy), a fatal termina- 

 tion will be the consequence. 



Gorged. — A term applied to cattle with 



an overloaded stomach. . When they are in 

 this state, they are said to be blasted, blown, 

 or hoven ; probably from the quantity of 

 carbonic acid gas that is generated, and by 

 which the stomach is so distended that cat- 

 tle often die in consequence of it. When 

 cattle are put into a pasture, which abounds 

 in nutritious food, to which they have been 

 unaccustomed, or have an improper quan- 

 tity given them, they frequently fill the 

 paunch to such an extent that they are in- 

 capable of ruminating : hence, the food re- 

 maining in a warm situation, the combined 

 action of heat and moisture generates the gas. 



Granulations. — A term applied to the 

 little, red, grain-like, fleshy bodies, which 

 arise on the surface of ulcers and suppurat- 

 ing sores. Their use is to fill up cavities, 

 and approximate the sides. 



Grease. — A swelling of the horse's 

 heels, and discharge of stinking matter. 



Gripes.* — (See Colic.) 



Gristle. — A name commonly given to 

 cartilage. (See Cartilage.) 



Grogginess. — A horse is said to be 

 groggy, when he has a tenderness, or stiff- 

 ness, about the feet, which causes him to 

 go in an uneasy, hobbling manner. 



* Scientific Treatment of Colic, or Gripes. — 

 " On the 5th Sept., 1824, a young bay mare was admitted 

 into the infirmary, with symptoms of colic, for which she 

 lost eight pounds of blood before she came in. The fol- 

 lowing drench was prescribed to be given immediately : 

 laudanum and oil of turpentine, of each, three ounces, 

 with the addition of six ounces of decoction of aloes. In 

 the course of half an hour this was repeated ! But, shortly 

 after, she vomited the greater part by the mouth and nos- 

 tiils. No relief having been obtained, t^velve pounds of 

 blood were taken from her, and the same drink was given. 

 In another hour this drench was repeated ; and for the 

 fourth time, during the succeeding hour ; both of which, 

 before death, she rejected, as she had done the second 

 drink. Notwithstanding these active measures were 

 promptly taken, she died about thi-ee hours after her ad- 

 mission." (See Clarke's Essay on Gripes.) It appears 

 that the doctors made short work of it. Twelve ounces 

 of laudanum, and the same of turpentine, in three hours ! 

 But this is secundum artem. This is called skilful treat- 

 ment, and justifiable in every case where the symptoms are 

 urgent. 



Had the relaxing and stimulating plan, practised by us, 

 been resorted to, and in a proper time and manner, it 

 would probably have saved the poor brute. "We have at- 

 tended a large number of the same sort of cases, and have 

 not yet lost the first. 



