A DICTIONARY. 



279 



ges sometimes become bony, especially 

 those ligaments which unite the splent to 

 the canon bones, and the lateral cartilages 

 of the foot. 



Ovaries. — Two appendages to the womb, 

 or uterus, which are cut out in the operation 

 of spaying. 



Overreach. — A horse is said to over- 

 reach, or overlash, when he wounds the fore 

 heel with the hind foot. 



Overwork. — Many of the diseases of 

 horses originate in overwork. 



Pace. — The peculiar manner of motion, 

 or progression. The natural paces of the 

 horse are, the walk, trot, and gallop, to 

 which some add the amble. 



Palate. — The upper part or roof of the 

 mouth. 



Palliative. — Medicines and operations 

 by which diseases appear to be relieved, but 

 not cured. However desirable palliatives 

 may be in the diseases of the human body, 

 they are seldom satisfactory in the diseases 

 and lameness of horses. 



Palpitation. — Beating of the heart 

 against the breast-bone or ribs. 



Palsy, or Paralysis. — A loss of muscu- 

 lar power, or an inability to move any part 

 of the body. 



Pancreas, or Sweetbread. — A gland- 

 ular substance situated in the abdomen, near 

 the stomach. It secretes the pancreatic 

 juice. 



Panniculus, or Fleshy Pannicle. — A 

 thin muscular covering attached to the skin 

 of brute animals, by means of which they 

 are enabled to shake it, and get rid of flies, 

 etc. 



Panton Shoe. — A contrivance for ex- 

 panding contracted feet ; but, like all other 

 mechanical contrivances, they are useless or 

 pernicious. 



Paps. — When young horses are cutting 

 therr teeth, and sometimes after that period, 

 the excretory ducts of some of the salivary 

 glands under the tongue become enlarged. 

 These are named paps. They should be 

 touched with a solution of alum, and the 

 animal fed on mashes. (See Mash.) 



Papillary. — Pap-like ; or rather liJce 



small or minute paps. A term applied to 

 small elevations on different parts of the 

 body, whether morbid or natural. Those 

 little eminences on the internal surface of 

 the leaves, or laminae, of the cow's third 

 stomach, or manyplus, are termed papil- 

 lary. 



Par Vagum. — The eighth pair of nerves 

 are thus named. 



Paracentesis. — The operation of tap- 

 ping, for the purpose of giving vent to water 

 collected in the chest, abdomen, etc. It has 

 frequently been performed on animals with- 

 out any benefit. 



Parietal. — The bones that form the 

 sides of the skull are thus named. 



Paring. — Cutting the hoof in order to 

 prepare it for the shoe. 



Parotid Glands. — Two large glands 

 situated under the ears ; they secrete saliva, 

 which is conveyed by a duct into the 

 mouth. 



Paroxysm. — The periodical accession, 

 or the periodical increase, of a disorder. 



Parturition. — The act of bringing forth 

 young. 



Pastern. — The part between the fetlock 

 joint and the hoof. (See cut of the foot, 

 part first.) 



Pastern Nerve. — The nerve from which 

 a portion is cut out in the operation of 

 nerving. 



Pasture. — Pastures in elevated situa- 

 tions are the best for horses. 



Patella. — The knee-pan of the human 

 body, and the stifle of the horse. (See 

 Skeleton.) 



Pathology. — The doctrine of diseases. 



Paunch. — The common name for the 

 first stomach of the cow. 



Pectorals. — Medicines that relieve 

 cough, and other diseases of the lungs. 



Pectoral Muscles. — The muscles of 

 the breast. 



Pelvis. — The basin, or that cavity 

 wherein is lodged the bladder, uterus, and 

 the rectum. 



Penis. — The yard or male genital or- 

 gan. 



Perforans Tendon. — The innermost 



