APPENDIX TO PART FIRST. 



LIGAMENTARY MECHANISM OF 

 ARTICULATIONS. 



ARTICULATIONS OF THE TRUNK. 



Ligaments of the spine. — Those between 

 the head and first and second vertebrsB are: 



Lateral ligaments, one on each side, that 

 run from the coronoid processes of the occi- 

 pital bone to the fore part of the atlas, and 

 are fixed in the roots of the transverse pro- 

 cesses. 



Suspensory ligament of the head is a broad 

 ligament enclosed within the capsular. It 

 proceeds from the body of the atlas to the 

 occipital bone. 



Capsular ligament is attached to the occi- 

 pital bone, around the roots of the condy- 

 loid process, and to the anterior articular 

 processes of the atlas. 



Superior ligament runs from the long ring 

 of the atlas to the spine of the vertebra 

 dentata. 



Odontoid ligaments are three in number : 

 the two long pass from the sides of the 

 process dentata to the occipital condyles ; 

 the last runs from the point of that process 

 to the anterior and inferior parts of the 

 atlas. 



Inferior ligament runs from the inferior 

 spinous process of the first to the second 

 vertebra. 



The ligaments common to the spine are : 



Intervertebral ligaments. — They are the 

 chief bond of union by which one vertebra 

 is bound to another. 



The common inferior and superior liga- 

 ments. — The former passes obliquely along 

 the inferior parts of the vertebree, and the 

 latter runs within the spinal canal. 



Capsular ligaments sm-round the smooth 



37 



cartilaginous surfaces of the articulatory 

 processes. 



Intertransverse ligaments fix the trans- 

 verse processes of the dorsal vertebree to- 

 gether. 



Interspinous ligaments are found between 

 the spinous processes of the back and loins. 



Ligamentmn subjlavum (or nuchse) ex- 

 tends from the occipital bone to the tail. It 

 covers and connects the spinous processes 

 of the back, loins, sacrum, and coccyx. 

 This ligament forms a strong connecting 

 medium between the spines of the ver- 

 tebras. 



Ligaments of the pelvis. — Two superior 

 transverse ligaments are fixed to the trans- 

 verse processes of these bones above ; two 

 inferior, below, run from the fourth and fifth 

 transverse processes of the loins to the crest 

 of the ileum. Sacro-iliac symphysis con- 

 sists of a cartilago-ligamentous substance 

 interposed between, and firmly adherent to, 

 the transverse processes of the sacrum and 

 the inward part of the ileum. This union 

 is strengthened by ligamentary bands, which 

 run from the posterior spine, and border of 

 the ileum, to the transverse process of the 

 sacrum. 



Sacro'Sciatic ligaments are broad expan- 

 sions stretched across the sacro-sciatic 

 notch. They arise from the transverse pro- 

 cesses of the sacrum, and those of two or 

 three uppermost bones of the coccyx, and 

 are extended to the posterior parts of the 

 ileum and ischium, and to the tuberosity 

 of the latter. 



Obturator ligament is an expansion, thin- 

 ner than the last, wliich passes across the 

 foramen magnum ischii. 



Ligament of the symphysis is the carti- 



(2S9> 



