lOO 



ANIMAL MANAGEMENT. 



Varieties. 



"Java" 

 beans. 



Peas should also be dry, sound and free from weevil, not a dark colour, 

 and the same weight. Varieties of peas are distinguished as blue, white 

 or grey, according to their colour. 



yar/e/ies.— English beans are smaller, rounder, and plumper than 

 imported sorts ; their skins, however, are thinner, and their quality, 

 when in good condition, the best. Imported beans, especially Egyptians, 

 are larger, flatter, and more wrinkled, whilst their skins are tougher and 

 thicker. "Java" beans, imported from Ceylon, Burmah, and the Dutch 

 Indies are quite unfit for consumption, owing to their poisonous qualities. 



Defects, 



New beans are indigestible and they should not be used until they are 

 a year old ; with increasing age, however, they depreciate in condition, 

 are extremely liable to become invaded by weevils and (English beans 

 especially), darker in colour. Peas are likely to suffer from wet either 

 during the harvest or when stacked, when their colour becomes black. 



Feeding Beans. — As previously remarked, beans and peas are alto- 

 gether too nutritious to be fed in very large quantities and the amount 

 which it is advisable to give in addition to other forage is probably not 

 more than four or five pounds at the outside, and this only to big horses 

 Split beans that are doing severe work. They should always be split on account of 

 an peas. ^^ extreme toughness of tKeir husks, but fine grinding is not to 

 be advocated as it leads to waste. 



New and 

 old beans 



Feeding 

 beans. 



A fat 

 producer. 



Linseed 

 cake. 



Quality. 



Feeding 

 linseed. 



Linseed. 



Is often used as an addition to the ration of thin horses, its 

 characteristic being that it contains an exceedingly large proportion 

 of fat-forming material. Linseed cakes, which are so commonly given to 

 cattle, and sometimes horses, and are well known for their fattening 

 properties, are composed of the residue of linseed from which the oil 

 (linseed oil) has already been expressed. 



Quality. — The best linseed may not always be the largest in appear- 

 ance ; the grains should be plump and well filled rather than large and 

 flat. All samples should be bright in appearance and free from dirt. 

 English grown linseed is usually of the best quality, but large quantities 

 of excellent value are imported from Holland, Russia, and Morocco. 



Feeding Linseed. — Owing to the extreme toughness of the husk 

 animals cannot consume linseed in its natural state, and it must be either 

 ground or boiled ; even when so prepared the indigestibility of the husk 

 is such that it passes through the body unchanged. When boiled, 



