ii8 



ANIMAL MANAGEMENT. 



Janewa, 



Spear 

 grass. 



Maniari 

 haniari. 



Lucerne 



Guinea 

 grass. 



Khasil, 

 Khawid. 



Bamboo 

 leaves. 



Janewa^ a tall grass with its flowering head covered by small, 

 spear-like processes, which, however, are not stiff enough to become 

 a nuisance in mastication. This is an excellent grass, and in some of 

 the western districts is universally consumed, both green and as hay. 

 Janewa, from its habit of growth and the districts in which it is found, is 

 specially suited for haymaking, and the product, when carefully saved, 

 is excellent. 



Spear grass^ a widely-distributed, excellent forage grass, attaining a 

 height of two to three feet. It is peculiar from the fact that the barbed ends 

 of the seed covers (spears) become so sharp as the grass ripens that they 

 render it quite uneatable. If cut green, and before these spears have 

 hardened, it is an excellent grass and much liked by horses, but if any 

 attempt is made to feed it when too ripe the inside of the mouth will be 

 found stuck full of the barbed seeds, which inflame the gums and 

 prevent mastication till they are removed, 

 or Maniari or Haniari^ the best of the hill grasses, grows to a height 

 of three to four feet. It is a very good fodder when cut young enough 

 and makes capital hay, but before it is cut by the natives it is usually 

 left standing till too old, until, in fact, it is quite woody, and is then 

 comparatively innutritions. 



Lucertie^ on soils where it flourishes, grows with great luxuriance and 

 may be cultivated and fed to horses instead of grass with the best 

 result. The idea prevalent in India that a pound or two of this plant is 

 enough for a horse, and that more might upset him, is erroneous, and 

 when obtainable it may be fed in practically unlimited quantities. 



Guinea grass. — This, like lucerne, is usually provided in small 

 quantities as a tit-bit, but when obtainable may be given to the same 

 amount as other green grasses. 



Khasil., Khawid., are native terms for green wheat, oats, or barley. 

 Up till the time the grain begins to ripen these crops are sometimes cut 

 and fed to horses with good effect. The native practice is to give 

 unlimited quantities, and this sudden change produces a diarrhoea which 

 is regarded as beneficial, but better effects may be obtained from a more 

 gradual introduction of the Khasil into the ration. Wheat and oats 

 may be fed in this way until they are ripening and the straw hardening, 

 but barley should be given only when quite green owing to the 

 indigestibility of the awns. 



Bamboo leaves and shoots are a staple horse fodder in some eastern 

 districts and are good feeding if a sufficient quantity (average thirty 

 pounds daily) can be obtained. The shoots should be cut quite young 

 and the leaves stripped when green or they are indigestible. 



