THE FOOT AND SHOEING. 



231 



When the animal turns the toes out from the fetlock, the knocked-up side 

 is also made deeper than the other, with the object of throwing the weight 

 on the outside of the foot and so straightening the leg at the fetlock, when 

 the body weight is on it. 



Clips. — In order to prevent the shoe from being forced backward or 

 moved from side to side, " clips " are drawn from the web, either at the Clips, 

 toe or quarter, and a small piece of horn is removed from the edge of the 

 wall for their reception. Usually all machine-made shoes are fitted with 

 one central toe clip on front shoes, and on hind shoes with either a similar 

 clip, or one on each side of the toe. For horses that kick, an outside 



Fig. 49. 

 Diagram to show the bearing (in section) of the concave shoe. 



quarter clip is often fitted in addition to the one at the toe. It is customary 

 in England to give riding horses clips at each side of the hind shoes with 

 a view to avoid the chance of over-reaching, but it is doubtful if any 

 advantage is gained. In any case, the clips should be as small as possible, 

 with a good stout base, so that they will stand any strain likely to be 

 brought on them. Many light horses can certainly do without them 

 at all. 



It will be noticed that although patterns of shoes are numerous, all Effect of 

 variations from the plain-stamped shoe, with a flat foot surface are, with ^^'^^^ o" 

 the exception of " seating," due to alterations of the ground surface. An ^f „^Q"nd 

 examination of shoes which are half worn, but still on the animal, will show surface. 



