34 



ANIMAL MANAGEMENT. 



The shoe 

 tongs. 



The 



turning 



hammer. 



The 

 sledge. 



The 



' 'svvedge, " 

 ' ' crease, " 

 or "con- 

 cave tool.' 

 The fuller. 



The 

 stamp. 



"Coarse " 

 and " fine' 

 nail holes. 



The length of handle is to let the man manipulate the metal without 

 having to get too close to the fire. The farrier's shovel is called a 

 " slice." 



The shoe tongs are shorter in handle and jaw, the latter being of 

 different widths. Those which shut close for grasping narrow bars are 

 called " inside," as opposed to the wider " outside " tongs, which are for 

 handling thick moulds. It is with these tongs that the smith manipulates 

 all hot metal at the anvil. 



The turning ham7ner or hand hammer, is used by the smith at the 

 anvil. It weighs about 4 lbs., has one flat and one convex face, and the 

 sides are usually somewhat angular for the purpose of drawing clips. 

 With one striker to help him, the smith uses this hammer to assist in 

 welding, but with two strikers, he merely beats time on the anvil, and by 

 the strength of his beat, indicates the force he requires them to put into 

 each blow. 



The sledge, 9 lbs. weight, is used by the striker to weld the hot metal, 

 draw it to the required substance, and subsequently to hammer it through 

 the "swedge" or " tool"" ; to drive the stamp through the web and to cut 

 the heels. 



The '"'' swedge ^^ ^^ crease" or ''^concave tool^' usually called the " /^^/," 

 is a mould through which the hot bar is pulled by the smith, whilst it is 

 hammered by the striker, in order to give the concave shape required. 



The fuller is a blunt chisel set hammer fashion in its handle and is 

 hammered into the metal by the striker, as the smith draws it along. 

 Fullers differ in pattern ; those made by farriers being usually blunter, 

 and producing a shallower groove than the government pattern. Too 

 sharp a fuller may easily cut a hot shoe in two if struck a lusty blow, and 

 ruin the work, and deep narrow fullering is very liable to be accidentally 

 closed during subsequent alterations. 



The stamp is a punch, the point of which should be the same shape 

 as the nail head. It is held in position by the smith, and struck first 

 lightly and then heavily by the striker, till it penetrates the thickness of 

 the web. At the toe the point of the stamp is held at an angle which 

 will produce a coarser hole than is required at the heels, and the position 

 varied in succeeding holes to give the necessary gradation. The terms 

 " coarse " and " fine," applied to nail holes, denote their position on the 

 foot surface of the shoe in relation to the width of the web. "Coarse" 

 holes, i.e.^ near the inner edge, so that the nails enter a good thickness of 

 horn are naturally placed at the toe, and as the wall gets thinner towards 

 the heels, the holes are made " finer," z>., they open nearer the outer 



