THE FOOT AND SHOEING. 245 



ItaHa?i A7-my. — Broad, plain shoes, seated on the foot surface and Italian 

 thin in the web. The nail holes, seven in number, are curiously Army, 

 distributed. In the fore shoe there are two holes under the clip, the 

 other holes being well towards the front of the shoe. In the hind shoe 

 the holes are placed far back towards the heels. The nail holes 

 generally are more irregularly punched than m other European shoes, 

 except the Spanish. Single clip on all shoes. 



Swiss Army. — These are machine made, slightly concave, plain toe, Swiss 

 fullered shoes of the British type. The foot surface is flat, the nail holes Army, 

 four in number on each side of the toe, and there is a hole in each heel 

 for the reception of a smooth shanked frost cog or calkin. The toe of 

 all hind shoes is square and a single clip is universal. 



America?! Army. — Plain toe, fullered shoes, slightly seated, and as American 

 far as cavalry are concerned, without clips. Four nail holes each side of Army, 

 the toe. 



Arab and Eastern shoes generally are very thin and broad in the web. Eastern 

 some being simply iron plates with a hole in the centre to let out sand, shoes. 

 All such thin webbed shoes are fastened with rose-headed instead of 

 countersunk nails. Bullock shoes are fashioned to fit the outer portion Bullock 

 of each claw, and the toe is frequently turned up at a right angle as a shoes, 

 stay to help retain the shoe in position. They are fastened by flat-headed 

 T-shaped nails. 



