SEA TRANSPORT. 25 1 



bumping, is also very great, and they may give way. Heavy losses have 

 been incurred in the past as the result of stalls being so placed, and the 

 plan is quite unfitted for a ship which may encounter any seaway. It 

 may be used to advantage for river transport, and economises room. 



Structure of Stalls. 



The essential parts of a stall are the stanchions, cants, breast rail, 

 haunch rail and side bars. Each stall is fitted with a movable platform, 

 upon which the horse stands, and a manger and hay net staple are 

 attached. 



Stanchions^ 5 inches by 5 inches, are the corner posts of the stall and must Stan- 

 be strong and firmly fixed, as on their stability the whole structure depends, chions. 

 Their heels (lower ends) are secured from moving by strong cleats, by being 

 mortised to the side cants, and supported by the front and rear cants. 

 Their heads (upper ends) are firmly wedged between decks and are cross 

 tied and bolted to fore and aft beams. On exposed decks the rear 

 stanchions are clamped to the bulwark rails. 



Between 3 feet and 5 feet of their height, front stanchions are covered 

 Avith zinc ; on the front of them are iron brackets for the reception of the 

 breast rail ; two halter rings, one above and the other below the breast 

 rail ; and a staple for a hay net. The inner sides of both front and rear 

 stanchions have batten grooves for side bars or parting boards. 



Cants are heavy beams of hard wood (oak, 6 inches by 4 inches) Cants, 

 which are bolted to the decks to form the foundation of the stall. They 

 are termed front, rear or side cants according to their position, and support 

 and secure the heels of the stanchions. 



The breast rail, 10 inches by 3 inches, the upper third covered with The breast 

 zinc, is fitted into iron brackets fixed on the front of the front stanchions rail, 

 and is prevented from rising by a swinging stop of wood. On the zinc- 

 covered portion the food trough is hung. 



The haunch rail, 8 inches deep, is secured by bolts to the backs of The 

 the rear stanchions. If sufficiently long stalls are provided, the necessity hairnch 

 for a haunch rail disappears. ^^^ ■ 



The side bars or parting boards, 9 inches by 3 inches, are fitted into The side 

 batten grooves on the inner sides of the stanchions and secured by stops, bars or 

 A single bar is as a rule sufficient, but sometimes two are fitted, or dividing P^*^'?^ 

 boards are used. Both these last methods have certain drawbacks, -the °^'" ^" 

 first giving rise to injuries from the legs getting between the two bars, 

 and the second being very hot in warm climates and rendering ventilation 



