PREVENTION AND FIRST AID TREATMENT OF DISEASE. 319 



some cases are quiet when down, others are very violent and require 

 holding down. Treatment. — Shade from the sun, cold water to head 

 and spine, and keep as quiet as possible. When recovered give a 

 purgative and soft feeding for some days. Cases of staggers not due to 

 the above causes are usually from brain affections, and have to be cast. 



Rheumatism is not a frequent disease among animals, but may be Rheuma- 

 observed on service when there is a great daily variation of temperature tism. 

 or after an outbreak of influenza. Horses and camels are liable to it, 

 more particularly camels. Where the days are very hot and the nights 

 equally cold, these animals are often observed to be " cold struck," stiff 

 all over — a form of muscular rheumatism. Brisk rubbing with the hand 

 or brush, and moderate exercise when the sun is warm, is generally a 

 sufficient treatment. When the affection attacks the joints these are 

 swollen and painful and should be kept warm, and may be rubbed with 

 the liniment provided. In all cases the bowels should be kept soft and 

 freely moved. 



Debility cannot be considered a disease, but it is a condition which Debility, 

 so frequently demands treatment on service that it must be given 

 attention. The causes of weakness and loss of condition on service in all 

 animals are want of food or want of time to consume it, over-work and 

 exposure. To these must be added such diseases as cause subsequent 

 weakness, particularly mange. As a rule, such cases only require a rest 

 and judicious management as regards their food,''and on this head it 

 should be remembered that an exhausted, debilitated animal is unaWe to 

 digest large amounts of food at a time ; the stomach and bowels are not 

 equal to it ; and as a rule better results can be obtained by giving them 

 moderate quantities of easily digested material and feeding them often. 

 They should also be protected from all unnecessary exposure and kept 

 clothed if the weather requires it. Medicinal treatment is of secondary 

 importance to nursing in such cases. 



Exhaustioti from fatigue may be met with after heavy work. The Exhaus- 

 symptoms are usually that the animal on reaching the journey's end lies tion. 

 down and shows no inclination to feed, though it maybe unusually thirsty. 

 Sometimes there is considerable sweating, but the body will be found 

 cold and the pulse feeble. Clothe warmly, give a carbonate of ammonia 

 ball. If possible, give a warm mash instead of the usual feed. 



Lampas is inflammation of the gum behind the incisor teeth of the Lampas. 

 upper jaw of the horse. It is seen only in young animals when changing 

 their teeth, and does not occur among adults. It may be noted that the 

 horse's palate immediately behind the upper incisor teeth is often below 

 the level of them, and this is frequently mistaken for lampas. When it 



