322 



ANIMAL MANAGEMENT. 



Constipa 

 tion. 



is swollen and gives out a drum-like sound when tapped ; the animal is 

 uneasy, kicks at its belly and grunts from the pain. 



In slight cases two carbonate of ammonia balls will give relief, and it 

 is advisable to give a laxative — Epsom salts, i lb., or Hnseed oil i^ pints. 



Camels also suffer this condition, and when in pain champ the jaws, 

 kick and roll or simply press the belly firmly on the ground when lying. 

 The same treatment as for cattle may be carried out. 



Constipation is due to want of sufficient activity of the bowels and is 

 to be avoided as being a contributory factor to indigestion and colic. 

 Change of food, cooked or v/et feeds, green fodder and enemas will 

 overcome it,, and if these prove insufficient small doses of physic may be 

 given. 

 Diarrhoea. Diarrhcea is met with on service as the result of overwork, exposure 

 or unsuitable foods, and in the horse particularly is sometimes very 

 troublesome. Dry foods will sometimes stop it, and a dose of oil or aloes 

 is advisable to clear any irritating matter out of the bowels. In cases 

 which are obstinate, both in constipation and diarrhoea, a strict attention 

 to the feeding is the m.ost effectual treatment as a rule. When it is 

 persistent a carbonate of ammonia ball will frequently stop it. 



Worms in the bowels are very common in all animals, and when in 

 excessive numbers may cause loss of condition. Green food aids in their 

 expulsion, and turpentine, one ounce together with a dose of oil, may 

 be given ; for the small round worms found in the rectum of horses an 

 injection of salt (four ounces) in a bucket of warm water will be found 

 useful. 



Ticks are numerous in some localities, and may be killed by touching 

 them with carbolic acid or turpentine. If they are pulled off, the head 

 sometimes remains in the skin and festers. 



Leeches are numerous in some pools and streams, and occasionally 

 fasten on to the hps, and crawl up the nostrils and mouths of animals 

 when drinking. Their presence may be suspected from the animal 

 snuffling or bleeding occasionally from one nostril. Keep the patient 

 without water for 24 hours, and then when it is offered the leech will probably 

 appear and may be seized. When they are found on the skin the applica- 

 tion of salt and water causes them to drop off. Any pool known to be 

 infested with them should be avoided as a watering place, or the water 

 previously filtered through a cloth. 



Lice may constantly be found on camels, and occasionally on horses, 

 on which they cause considerable irritation. They may be readily 

 detected on looking carefully into the coat, and the affected animals should 

 be clipped, if possible, the hair burnt where it falls and the skin well 



Worm 



Ticks 



Leeches. 



Lice. 



