330 



ANIMAL MANAGEMENT. 



Injuries to 

 the nose. 



Capped 

 elbow. 



Elbow 

 brushing. 



from the bit will effect a cure. Ijf, however, the jaw bone below is bruised, 

 or, as not unfrequently happens, is cracked, a hole will appear over the 

 injury or possibly on the side of the jaw lower dov/n, from which issues a 

 foetid discharge, the smell being characteristic of decaying bone, and an 

 operation for its removal being frequently necessary. After ihe dead 

 bone has been taken away the wound will heal rapidly. 



Injuries to the nose. — The division between the nostrils is very apt to 

 be injured in oxen and camels by the nose rope or stick which is passed 

 through it, and if not attended to may become infested with maggots, and 

 large pieces slough off. In the ox the cause is either too tight a nose 

 rope or rough handling of it, and in the camel the practice of tying the 

 nose rope to the animal in front is accountable for many injuries. 

 Ordinary wound treatment and the addition of a drop or two of 

 turpentine when maggots are present will be all that is required, provided 

 the actual cause of the injury ceases. From the camel's nostril there 

 occasionally issue large maggots which are not connected with wounds, 

 and these are the larv^ (bots) of the gadfly of the animal. 



Capped elbow is the term applied to the swelling which results from a 

 bruise to the skin at the point of the elbow from lying on hard ground, 

 sharp stones, and in shod animals sometimes on the shoe. In the horse 

 it is most common. The camel is provided with a thickening of the 

 skin at this point which usually protects it from injury ; but even this is 

 not always sufficient. The symptoms are rapid swelling and inflam- 

 mation of the skin, usually with a quantity of fluid beneath, and in very 

 severe cases formation of an abscess ; it does not as a rule cause 

 lameness, and the animal can generally be kept at work. Try and 

 prevent re-injury by attention to the ground on which the animal rests ; 

 in shod animals the inner quarter and heel of the shoe is sometimes 

 removed. If the inflammation is very great, foment the place till it 

 either bursts or the swelling gets smaller and keep standing up to 

 prevent re-injury. For the horse, a small sausage-shaped pillow, long 

 enough to surround the pastern and about four inches in diameter, will 

 be found to prevent the elbow touching the ground when lying down. 

 As the enlargement gets older it becomes smaller and harder, but is 

 always liable to re-injury. 



Elbow brushing in the camel is a serious condition resulting from the 

 friction of the elbow pad against the side in animals which are tied in at 

 the elbow and whose toes are turned out. It is a constant trouble, and 

 in animals at hard work impossible to prevent. No camel with any signs 

 of it should be purchased for transport, short journeys and light loads 

 being the only means by which such can be worked. 



