SACCH AROMYCES, HANSENIA, TORULASPORA. 277 



Saccharomyces Pastorianus, E. C. Hansen. Synonyms: Sacch. 

 Pastorianus I., E. C. Hansen (XII., XVI., XLVI.,and XLVIII.) 

 = Sacch. Pastorianus, E. C. Hansen (XLIX.) = Sacch. Pastor', anus 

 (partim), Reess ( L). This species was illustrated by HANSEN (XII. 

 and XVI.); see Fig. 129. The vegetation in wort consists chiefly 

 of sausage-shaped cells, though round and oval cells are also 

 present. The limits of budding temperature in wort are 34 C. 

 and 0.5 C. The spores measure 1.5-3.5 /* in diameter, their 

 dimensions seldom reaching 5 p. Most frequently they number 

 1-4, but occasionally, in very long cells, 5-10. The limits of 

 sporulation temperature on gypsum blocks lie between 29.5- 

 31.5 C.,and o.5-4 C. (optimum 27.5 C.); and the same limits 

 in respect of film formation on worts are 26-28 C. and 3-5 C-. 

 The species is a bottom yeast, and was first discovered in the 

 atmospheric dust in a Copenhagen brewery, and afterwards in 

 damaged beer. It is a dangerous pest in the brewery, being 

 capable of imparting a disagreeable smell and strongly bitter 

 taste to the beer (see p. 116, vol. ii.). As a rule it also retards 

 clarification. On the other hand, according to MACH and PORTELE 

 (III.), it produces good wines. 



Saccharomyces intermedius, E. C. Hansen. Synonyms : Sacch. 

 Pastorianus IL, E. C. Hansen (XII., XVI., XLVL, XLVIII.) = 

 Sacch. intermedius, E. C. Hansen (XLIX.) = Sacch. Pastorianus 

 (partim), Reess (I.). This species has been drawn by Hansen 

 (XII. and XVI.), and is illustrated in Figs. 133 and 136. The 

 cells are of the same form as those of the preceding species, but 

 rather larger. Sporulation occurs in wort between the limits of 

 40 and 0.5 C., and the spores generally measure 2-5 /i, less fre- 

 quently 4-5 p.. The limits of speculation temperature on gypsum 

 blocks are 27-29 C. and o.5-4 C., the optimum being 25 C. 

 In the case of film formation on wort, these limits are 26-28 C. 

 and 3-5C. The cells of the young film, at i 3 -i5C., differfrom 

 the corresponding cells of the next species in being round or oval, 

 whereas under the same conditions many of the cells of Sacch. 

 validus are sausage-shaped. At the end of sixteen days the 

 streak cultures of this species on yeast-water gelatin at 15 C. 

 exhibit smooth edges, in which respect again they differ from 

 Sacch. validus. The species is a weak top yeast, and was discovered 

 in the air of a brewery in Copenhagen. 



Saccharomyces validus, E.C. Hansen. Synonyms: Sacch. Pas- 

 torianus III., E. C. Hansen (XII.. XVI., XLVL, and XLVIII.) = 

 Sacch. validus, E. C. Hansen (XLIX) = Sacch. Pastorianus (par- 

 tim), Reess (1 .). The cells have been illustrated by Hansen (XII. 

 and XVI.), and also in Figs. 134 and 135. The cells grown in 

 wort have the same shape as the two foregoing species, and their 

 limits of budding temperature in that medium are 39-4O C. and 

 0.5 C. The spores measure 2-4 n in diameter, rarely 3.5-4 /*. 

 Limits of sporulation temperature on gypsum blocks, 27-29 C. 



