2 38 CLASSIFICATION OF SACCHAROMYCETACE^E. 



both on gypsum blocks and in the films. According to NEILSEN (I.) 

 the limits of sporulation temperature on gypsum blocks are 

 33-35 c - and 2 -5-7-5 c -> tne optimum being 3o.5-3i C. 

 Seifert states that the species continues to grow even in presence 

 of 12.2 per cent, (by vol.) of alcohol. It was discovered by 

 Hansen in a mucinous mass exuding from the damaged roots 

 of an elm ; and was also found subsequently in impure well-water 

 by Koehler, and in white wines by A. Jb'rgensen. 



Pichia membrancffaciens II. (Pichi). Synomyms : Saccharo- 

 myces membraiuefaciens II. PICHI (I). The species was drawn by 

 PICHI (II). The cells are 5-7 jj, long and 3-5 ^ broad, or 10-19 p 

 long and 3-4.5 /* broad. The spores are often round, or slightly 

 compressed or flattened, and measure 2.5-3 /"* i n diameter. There 

 are usually 3-4 spores in a cell. The asci in the rugose milk- 

 white film are oval, 6-8 p in length and 3-5 fj, in breadth. Few 

 asci are formed on wort at 22-25 C. This species was found on 

 the leaves of Euonymus europceus. 



Pichia membrancefaciens III. (Pichi). Synonym : Saccharo- 

 myces membrancefaciens III., PICHI (II). A drawing of the 

 species was given by the last-named worker. The cells are 

 5-7 p. long and 3-4.6 p. broad, the spores 2.5-3.5 /z in diameter. 

 The asci are globular or oval, contain 2-4 spores, and measure 

 5-8 p by 3-5 p. The film produced on wort at 22-25 C. is uniform, 

 thin and smooth, and contains a large number of asci. This 

 species was produced in " vin des Cotes." 



Pichia calif ornica (Seifert). Synonym : Saccharomyces mem- 

 brancefaciens, var. californicus SEIFERT (I.) The species was 

 drawn by this worker. The cells are mostly oval, occasionally 

 contain a small highly refractive body, and measure 4-8 n by 3-5 //. 

 The films are delicate, white and readily sink to the bottom. 

 The spores are globular, 2-4 in a cell and 2-3 p, in diameter, with 

 homogeneous, highly refra tive plasma. Only a few sporogenic 

 cells are found in the films at ordinary room temperature ; and 

 sporulation ceases on gypsum blocks at 39-4o C. and 5-6 C. ; 

 the optimum temperature is 34 C. In wines containing 8 per 

 cent, (by vol.) of alcohol, the maximum temperature at which 

 growth proceeds is 33 C., the minimum being 7-i2 C. and the 

 optimum 28-3o C. ; but in beer wort the limits are wider, he 

 maximum, for instance, being over 39 C. (They were, however, 

 not mentioned by Seifert.) The species, which was discovered in 

 Californian red wine, continues to grow when the volume of 

 alcohol attains 12.2 per cent. 



Pichia taurica (Seifert). Synonym : Saccharomyces membrance- 

 faciens, var. tauricus, SEIFERT (I.). In this species, which was 

 drawn by Seifert, the cells are mostly sausage-shaped, elongated, 

 seldom oval, and measure up to 20 /u, in length by 4-6 p, in breadth. 

 The films are delicate, readily sink to the bottom, and when kept 

 at room temperature for a short time exhibit an abundance of 



