THE GENERA PICHIA AND WILLIA. 289 



sporogeuic cells. The spores are oval, 4-6 p, long and 3-4 //, wide, 

 and cease to be produced on gypsum blocks at 34 C. and 4-6 C. 

 respectively. The optimum sporulation temperature is 27-3o C. 

 The optimum temperature for growth, in wines containing 8 per 

 cent, (by vol.) of alcohol, is 22 C., the maximum being 28~3o C. 

 and the minimum 5-6 0. The species which was discovered in 

 Crimean wine has ceased to grow by the time the volume of alcohol 

 reaches 12.2 per cent. 



Pichia tamarmdorum (Seifert). Synonym : Saccharomyces 

 membrancefaciens, var. tamarindorum SEIFERT (I.) This worker 

 has made a drawing of the species. The cells are mostly very long, 

 seldom oval or pear-shaped, and often contain a small highly 

 refractive body in the protoplasm. The elongated cells measure 

 up to 26 p by 2-6 n, the small oval cells 5-6 p, by 2-3 ^t. The films 

 are dense, and of white, dusty appearance, rugose in old cultures. 

 When subjected to vibration, they fall to the bottom as large 

 flakes. The spores are almost hemispherical, about 3 p high and 

 4 p. maximum diameter, and they usually contain a small central 

 highly refractive body. In many cases the flat side is slightly 

 arched in the middle, with a small projecting rim. Spores are 

 soon produced in abundance in the films at ordinary room tem- 

 perature ; on gypsum blocks the limits of sporulation temperature 

 are below 34 C. and above 1.5 C., and the optimum temperature 

 is 27-3oC. Giant colonies on wort gelatin exhibit a peculiar 

 reticulated structure. The species was discovered on tamarind 

 must and a vinous beverage prepared therefrom. 



Pichia farinosa (Lindner) . Synonyms : Saccharomycesfarinosus, 

 LINDNER (XLIV.) = Fickia farinosa, E. C. HANSEN (XLIX.) The 

 species was drawn by LINDNER (XLIV.). The cells are slender, 

 and old cells in particular are often of angular contour. Spores 

 are abundant in the films, but the latter cease to form at 37 C. 

 The film is bright white in colour, folded like crinkled tissue- 

 paper and looks as though strewn with flour. In old cultures on 

 wort gelatin the medium is liquefied. The species was discovered 

 in Danzig " Jopen" beer (p. 225, vol. ii.), and has also been found 

 by K. SAITO (II.) in Japanese Soja sauce. 



Pichia Radaisii(Lutz). Synonym: SaccharomycesRadaisii^wt. 

 (I.). The cells of this species are of elongated oval form, 8-8.5 /* 

 long and 3-3.5 /j. broad, with a membrane 0.8 /z thick. The 

 spores are round, usually four in a cell and measure 1.5 fj. in dia- 

 meter. On gypsum blocks they are produced in twelve hours at 

 22-23C.; and the maximum sporulation temperature is 25-28C. 

 The optimum temperature of film formation is 23 C., all develop- 

 ment ceasing at 37-38 C. This species does not liquefy gelatin : 

 and the colonies on that nutrient medium assume N a red colour 

 after a short time. Pichia Radaisii was discovered in "Tibi," 

 from which a Mexican beverage is prepared. 



In the genus Willia, E. C. HANSEN (XLIX.), the spores are 



