THE GENERA PICHIA AND WILLIA. 291 



spores are pileate, and are produced both in the film on gelatin 

 and on gypsum block cultures. The limits of sporulation tem- 

 perature on the latter cultures are 3o-35 C., and 5-i2 C. 

 The species ferments dextrose, Isevulose and saccharose, but not 

 maltose, lactose or galactose. It produces acetic esters and 

 acetic acid, and was discovered in water which had been used for 

 washing yeast. 



Willia anomala II. (Steuber). Synonym : Saccharomyces ano- 

 malus, var. //., STEUBER (II.). A drawing has been made by 

 that worker. The film on wort is smooth and chalk-white at 

 first, afterwards implicate, and turns pink to brownish pink in a 

 short time. The limits of film-formation temperature are 30 

 35 C., and 5-io C. The giant colonies on wort gelatin soon 

 turn pink to brownish red, and the gelatin is liquefied. An 

 abundant formation of pileate spores is observed, and the limits of 

 temperature for this phenomenon on gypsum blocks are 3O-35 

 C., and 5-i5 0. With regard to the behaviour of the species 

 toward sugars, Steuber says: "A 10 per cent, solution of 

 saccharose is inverted and fermented completely, though slowly, 

 only 0.45 per cent, of alcohol is produced in a 10 per cent, 

 solution of Isevulose. It does not ferment dextrose, lactose, 

 galactose or maltose, merely traces of alcohol (if any) being 

 produced in those solutions. No acetic ether is formed." There 

 appears to be some error in this statement, for if a yeast cannot 

 ferment dextrose, it is also incapable of completely fermenting an 

 inverted saccharose solution. 



Willia anomala III. (Steuber). Synonym : Saccharomyces 

 anomalies, var. III., STEUBER (II.) Drawn by this worker. 

 The film is white at first, yellowish afterwards. The limits of 

 film-formation temperature are 3o-35 C., and 5-i5 C. The 

 giant colonies on wort gelatin are white and irregular, and 

 liquefaction of the medium is produced. Limits of sporulation 

 temperature on gypsum blocks, 3o-35 C., and 5-i5 C. "In 

 a 10 per cent, solution of laevulose, 0.4 per cent, of alcohol is 

 produced in four weeks. The species does not ferment dextrose, 

 saccharose, lactose, galactose or maltose ; nor is any acetic ether 

 ormed." 



Willia belgica (Lindner). Synonym : Saccharomyces anomalus 

 var. belyicus, LINDNER (XXXI.). The species was drawn by the 

 last-named worker. It grows on wort as a creamy, punctated 

 film ; the cells are comparatively small, thin-walled and poor in 

 contents. The pileate spores are mostly developed in such 

 abundance that little but the sharp lines of the projecting rims 

 can be seen. The species does not ferment any known sugar, 

 nor does it produce fruit esters. It was discovered in Belgian 

 beer. 



Willia Saturnus (Klb'cker). Synonym : Saccharomyces Saturnus> 

 KLOCKER (V.). Drawn by the last-named. The film is white 



