294 CLASSIFICATION OF SACCHAROMYCETACE^E. 



dextrin, and raffinose, but not c-mannose (in which respect it 

 differs from Schizos. mellacei). A boiled mash of malt, potato 

 starch, and saccharose was attenuated from 27.7 per cent. 

 Balling to 1.6 per cent., and then contained 15.5 per cent. 

 (by vol.) of alcohol. The species was discovered in Pombe 

 (African millet beer) by Saare, and was isolated by Zeidler. 

 Lindner states that it has been successfully used in a distillery 

 in Argentina. 



Schizosaccharomyces octosporus, BEIJERINCK (XVIII.), has been 

 drawn by BEIJERINCK (XVI LI.), an 1 SCHIONNING (I.), and is illus- 

 trated in Fig. 125. The vegetative cells of this species, grown in 

 beer-wort cultures, are partly cylindrical, partly oval, and measure, 

 according to Schionning, 4.5-6/1 in breadth and 7-13 //in length. 

 A yeast ring is formed, as in the case of Schizos. Pombe. The 

 asci are of regular oval shape, 14-20.5 JJL long by 6-10.5 jj. broad, 

 and usually contain 8 spores, though 4 are often found, but 

 rarely 2-7. Sporulation occurs both in nutrient liquids and 

 especially on solid media. According to SEITER (I.) spores are 

 formed on gypsum blocks in six to seven hours at 25 C. In this 

 species the formation of the asci proceeds in three different ways : 

 (i) In the manner observed by Schionning and described on p. 103, 

 vol. ii., namely, the division of a cell into two daughter cells which 

 fuse together again. (2) By the fusion of two cells not derived from 

 the same parent cell (GuilliermoncT). (3) Without the occurrence 

 of any cell fusion at all (Guilliermond). The species does not pro- 

 duce any film, but only a slight yeast ring, and rapidly liquefies 

 wort gelatin. It ferments dextrose, maltose, and lasvulose, and 

 according to Lindner, dextrin, raffinose, and rZ-mannose as well, 

 but it is incapable of fermenting saccharose. Schionning states 

 that it gives rise to bottom-fermentation phenomena in a slight 

 degree in wort (gravity 14 per cent. Ball.), and at the end of three 

 weeks at 25 C., produces 4.6 per cent, (by vol.) of alcohol, 

 increasing in five months to 6.56 per cent. It was discovered by 

 Beijerinck on currants, and by Schionning on raisins. 



Schizosaccharomyces mellacei (A. Jorgensen). Synonym : Sac- 

 charomyces mellacei, A. JORGENSEN (XIII.). The species was 

 drawn by this worker. The cells are 8-1 2 JJL long and 4-6 p broad, 

 and resemble those of Schizos. octosporus and Schizos. Pombe. 

 Peculiar, oddly formed cells appear in old cultures. According to 

 GUILLIERMOND (II.)i the ascus is formed by the fusion of two cell?, 

 frequently sister cells, though in a variety of the species he 

 observed the ascus seemed to be formed without any previous cell 

 fusion. The spores measure about 4 ^ in diameter, and are 

 slightly elongated ; there are usually 4 in a cell ; they are highly 

 refractive. No film is produced, but merely a yeast ring. Lind- 

 ner states that the species ferments dextrose, maltose, and sac- 

 charose, together with Isevulose, inulin, dextrin and raffinose. It 

 differs from Schizos. Pombe by its greater dimensions, and the 



