322 MORPHOLOGY OF THE ASPERGILLACE^E. 



BREFELD (IV.), they are formed by the simple intertwining and 

 fusion of morphologically equal hyphse, and take the appearance 



of yellowish, hard, tough- 

 skinned and nearly globular 

 nodules. 13 mm. in diameter. 

 They lie scattered over the 

 surface of the herbage in- 

 side as well, according to 

 WILHELM (I.) but are rare, 

 and only found occasionally. 



1^ ^W"* This easily cultivated fungus, 



pi I llrV'*'' which* though a lover of 



||| H warmth, will continue to 



II // e | grow slowly a few degrees 



|| // above freezing-point (opti- 



mum temperature about 40 

 G., minimum about 7C.), 

 and exhibits a preference for 

 certain acid substrata (gall- 

 nut extract, solutions of 

 tannic acid, and also solu- 

 tions of fruit acids containing 

 sugar and other nutrient sub- 

 stances) in consequence of 

 which it is said by WEHMER 

 (XXIII.) to be easily cap- 

 tured is of little practical 

 importance. On the other 

 hand, it is all the more im- 

 portant as an experimental 

 fungus in the study of f ungo- 

 physiological questions. It 



pherical globule and double radial wreath P% S a practical part in the 



of branched sterigmata, as well as the coui- preparation of gallic acid from 



dial zone (semi-diagrammatical) ; 3 and 4, tannin, and also in Opium 

 young conidiophores before and during the r / c \ 



production of sterigmata (optical sectfon) ; manufacture (compare 292). 



5, globular, warty coniclia ; 6, separately pre- The physician is acquainted 



pared sterigmata ; 7, sclerotia, after unsuc- with j fc ag a not infrequent 



FIG. 175. Aspergillus niger. 

 I and 2, Couidiophores, in optical section at 2, 

 after decoloration and clearing, showing the 



cessful germination experiment (fallen apart . , , .. c ,-. , 



at 6) ; 8, tough skinned spotted cells from inhabitant ot the human ear, 

 the interior of the sclerotia ; 9, conidial 

 herbage. Appro x. inagn. of 1-4, 40; of 5, 

 1000 ; of 6, about 154 ; of 7, natural size ; 

 of 9, about 2. {After Wehmer.) 



in otomycosis, though its 

 appearance in this case seems 

 to be secondary. Its share 

 in the retting of flax is 

 doubtful. According to BORDAS (II.), it is the cause of the cork 

 disease (known in France as piqiire or tache jaune) affecting many 

 cork oaks on the side exposed to the weather. The bottle corks 

 made from this diseased material are liable to impart a corked 

 taste to wine, and contain the Aspergillus, either alone or associated 



