SECTION XVI. 



GENERAL MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND CLASSI- 

 FICATION OF TECHNICALLY IMPORTANT BUD- 

 DING FUNGI OF THE GROUP "FUNGI IMPER- 

 FECTI." 



CHAPTER LIX. 

 TORULACE^E, PINK YEASTS AND BLACK YEASTS. 



BY PROF. DR. H. WILL. 



Head of the Physiological Department of the Munich 

 Scientific Station of Brewing. 



298. Historical, Delimitation, Derivation. 



THE name Torula was applied by PASTEUR (XXVII.) in 1862 to 

 a group of fungi, which reproduce by budding, like yeast, and 

 are devoid of a typical mycelium. Plate III. of that authority's 

 Etudes sur la Biere gives a very good and characteristic illustration 

 of two species of Torula with globular cells, so that no doubt can 

 exist in the case of at least one of the groups of budding fungi 

 that were included by Pasteur under the generic name of Torula. 

 Pasteur also gave six pictures of other forms of Torula, of 

 which those he showed in Figs, i and 2 of the above work 

 also exhibited globular cells, whereas, as was pointed out by 

 HANSEN (LI1L), the one shown in Fig. 6 resembles the budding 

 cells of Dematium, It is therefore doubtful whether this form 

 should be allocated to the Torulacece at all or forms a separate 

 group, though similar, pointed cells occur in many Torula forms 

 with mixed cells. Figs. 3 and 6 of the said Plate, on the other 

 hand, depict species in which thin, elongated budding cells appear 

 in association with those of more contracted form (down to 

 globular cells), and these exhibit certain analogies with the 

 budding fungi now allocated to the genus Mycoderma. Pasteur also 

 logically classed Mycoderma vini with the Tortdacew, the difference 

 between this fungus and the other Torula forms consisting, in his 

 opinion, merely in the special structure of the cells and in a 



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