OCCURRENCE, DISSEMINATION, MORPHOLOGY. 393 



faint, the most decided result being obtained with a species of 

 .high fermenting power. According to Heinze and Cohn, glycogen 

 is formed by /Sacch. lactis, Adametz, and ftacch. tyrocola, Beijerinck, 

 to the same extent as by tiaccharomycetes, and especially so in 

 young cultures on acid wort gelatin. The red-brown coloration 

 with iodine is given by the Torulacecr, either in the plasma or the 

 vacuoles ; in the latter case it may extend over the whole contents 

 of the vacuole, or be restricted to globular inclusions of varying 

 dimensions. 



With regard to the nucleus, the only reliable communication 

 available is that of GuiLLIEEMOND (V.), Beijerinck's report on 

 Sacch. Kefyr leaving it doubtful whether he has not mistaken oil 

 particles for nuclei. Other authors, who may be credited with a 

 full acquaintance with morphological conditions, have asserted 

 that a nucleus can be clearly discerned in cases where the oil 

 particle is apparently alone in question. 



The budding of the globular cells may take place at any point 

 on the parent cell, sometimes occurring simultaneously in several 

 places (coronation). The young generations form single, un- 

 branched chaplets ; and the order of budding is similar to that 

 of the Saccharomycetes producing branched bud chains. Like 

 the Saccharomycetes, too, the members of these chains either 

 adhere firmly together, so as to form chains of considerable 

 length, or they separate readily into short lengths of 34 cells 

 each. Acid nutrient media stimulate certain lactose yeasts to 

 form extended chains, especially when the degree of acidity is 

 high. A few species also branch extensively, even in distilled 

 water. Not infrequently one is able to observe phenomena that 

 approximate more closely to germination than budding, the cell 

 bulging out in one place with a very broad basis and bursting at 

 the same time, whereupon the growing daughter cell becomes 

 separated from the parent by a broad septum. The production 

 of abnormal cells is frequently observed in budding. 



The elongated cells of the second sub-group form either ex- 

 tensive chains of buds, or long mycelial rows with insignificant 

 lateral branchings through shorter or longer cells ; or again, they 

 may produce a large number of globular Torulci cells. 



The giant colonies of the second sub-group with elongated 

 cells are in some cases of very handsome appearance. The sur- 

 face exhibits mesenteric folds of varying dimensions, though 

 these folds are not always formed in presence of the elongated 

 cells. In this respect, therefore, the giant colonies differ from 

 those of most fraccharomycetes, but resemble those of Willia and 

 M i/roderma, though differing from the Manilla species. 



The giant colonies of the first sub-group, on the other hand, are 

 usually more or less flat, with slightly dished edges, and exhibit- 

 ing, at most, faint radial stripings, with numerous smooth or 

 warty excrescences on the surface. These excrescences form a 



