402 TORULACE^E. 



Saccharomycetes. Cryptococcus glutinis, Fresenius, and Saccharo- 

 myces glutinis are, however, apparently two different species. It 

 was afterwards shown by HANSEN (LIT.) that the term Crypto- 

 coccus glutinis comprises a growth of several species, and that 

 these cannot be properly assigned to the Saccharomyceles. One 

 of the budding fungi examined by HANSEN (LI. and LII.) is 

 probably identical with Cohn's Saccharomyces glutinis ; the second 

 is a true Saccharomyces ; whilst the third is characterised by the 

 production of tubular buds, and is allied to Cryptococcus glutinis, 

 Fresenius. 



So far as HANSEN (LIV.) and P. LINDNER (XXXIV.) were 

 able to re-examine the pink yeasts subsequently described by the 

 Koch school and physicians generally, these species are incapable 

 of sporulation. According to Lindner, Koch's pink yeast is 

 identical with one of those drawn by HANSEN (L.), the same 

 bizarre outgrowths being exhibited by both. Sporulation is also 

 lacking in ELFVING'S (II.) red budding fungus. 



Red-coloured budding fungi are mentioned, and in part more 

 fully described, by L. VAN DEN HULLE and H. VAN LAER (II.), who 

 discovered one species in the Belgian beer known as Lambic (see 

 vol. i. p. 255). The red Torula of Janssens and Mertens was 

 isolated from the deposit in English bottled beer. M. WARD (VIII.) 

 refers to Cryptococcus glutinis as an alien organism in ginger-beer 

 yeast (see vol. i. p. 258). E. KRAMER (III.) describes a red 

 budding fungus taking part in the fermentation of must ; and 

 a pink yeast, found in fermenting must, is mentioned by 

 V. PEGLION (II.) and E. KAYSER (XII.). A species occurring on 

 milk and cheese, and named Saccharomyces ruber by E,. DEMME (I.), 

 is regarded by him as the cause of gastric catarrh in children of 

 tender age. It should be mentioned that A. Kalanthar isolated 

 from mazun a beverage of the kefir type, prepared in Armenia 

 from the milk of buffaloes or goats an orange-coloured budding 

 fungus and a species the giant colonies of which were initially 

 greenish grey, afterwards turning peach-red. Coloured budding 

 fungi seem to be of common occurrence in milk and butter, 

 KRUEGER (III.), for instance, having found in cheesy butter a 

 budding fungus which he described as Saccharomyces flava lactis 

 (see p, 282, vol. ii.) ; whilst R. REINMANN (I.) discovered pink 

 yeast, along with other budding fungi, in butter. 



A. LASCHE (I.) isolated two species, Mycoderma humuli (from 

 hop leaves) and Mycoderma rubrum (from an infected gelatin 

 culture). B. FISCHER and K. BREBECK (I.) found a pink yeast in 

 the contents of the stomach of a patient suffering from gastric 

 enlargement and fermentation ; and another in the water of the 

 open sea to the south of San Miguel, one of the Azores islands. 

 C. WEHMER (XXXI.) also reports having found pink yeast in 

 herring pickle. It is still doubtful whether certain species, such 

 as the red yeast mentioned by A. P. SWAN (I.), belong to the 



