HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION, MORPHOLOGY. 423 



to observe the form of fructification in question. The systematic 

 position of the fungus therefore remained undetermined ; and on 

 this account the organism was separated from the rest of the 

 Saccharomycetes in arranging the material for the present work. 



Since that time, however, P. LINDNER (XXXYIII.) has suc- 

 ceeded in obtaining monosporous cells in beer-wort cultures of 

 an Apiculatus yeast isolated from Robinia blossoms. The drawing 

 illustrating these cells is not very convincing, especially when 

 it is remembered that, under certain conditions of environment, 

 large, isolated fat globules, that can readily be mistaken for 

 spores, are often formed in Apiculatus yeast. Even REESS (I.) 

 depicted Apiculatus cells, each containing a round, highly refractive 

 body resembling a spore, and expressly referred to the same as 

 possible sporulation. Lindner's statement that only one spore 

 occurs in each cell conflicts with an earlier communication by 

 Beijerinck, according to whom the Apiculatus cells swell up to 

 asci containing 4-6 ascospores in each. Neither Beijerinck nor 

 Lindner succeeded in prevailing on the " spores " to germinate. 

 The last named himself mentions this deficiency, and points out 

 that some such preparation is necessary to ensure the germination 

 of Apiculatus yeast as is the case with the seeds of the carob-tree, 

 which have first to be passed through the alimentary canal of 

 some animal. Bearing this idea in mind, A. ROHLING (I.) 

 cultivated vigorous Apiculatus yeast for twenty-four hours in 

 sterilised grape juice and then used it for gypsum-block cultures, 

 in which a " body resembling a spore " made its appearance in 

 many of the cells by the tenth day (temperature not stated). 

 The germination of a spore was thereafter observed in a decoction 

 of horse-dung, mixed with 5 per cent, of grape sugar. This 

 experiment needs repetition, from the circumstance that only one 

 cell gave the said result, and also on account of the manner in 

 which germination is said to have proceeded. The writer has 

 tested four different Apiculatus races exactly in the same way as 

 described by Rohling, but failed to obtain spores. 



Lindner and Rohling, on the basis of their researches, con- 

 cluded that Apiculatus yeast does sporulate, and therefore really 

 belongs to the genus Saccharomyces of Reess and Hansen, but 

 as it constitutes a peculiar type, LINDNER (XXXII.) considers 

 that a new genus should be established, for which he proposes 

 the name Hansenia (see p. 284, vol. ii.). 



The specific name, apiculatus, well expresses the characteristic 

 that distinguishes this budding fungus from all others. The 

 (otherwise ovoid) cells are pointed at both ends like a lemon 

 (see Fig. 199), which form, however, predominates only during 

 the first stage of development in a nutrient solution, whereas 

 later on, when the conditions of nutriment are less favourable, a 

 considerably larger number of ovoid cells make their appearance, 

 and the lemon shape is less noticeable. 



