424 SACCHAROMYCES APICTJLATUS. 



As already stated, reproduction in this fungus is effected 

 entirely (or mainly, if sporulation indeed takes place) by budding. 

 The progress of this operation was described by Reess and Engel, 

 and it was more closely investigated by Hansen, whose observa- 

 tions show that the budding of a lemon-shaped cell proceeds in 

 the following manner (see Fig. 199). The lower pointed ex- 

 tremity (a) of the cell swells up (a') and grows there until it 

 attains normal dimensions (a"). The two cells then separate, 

 each of them acquiring the hitherto lacking second tip. From 

 b-b" in the Fig. it will be seen that a bud can be put forth at 



ff^ 



FIG. 199. Saccharomyces apiculatus. 



Typical Form. Reproduction of the cells by budding. Magn. about 950. 

 {After Hansen.) 



each end simultaneously. Figs, c-c' represent in each case an 

 aggregation of four lemon-shaped cells. The question whether a 

 lemon-shaped cell can be produced from an ovoid one by budding, 

 may be answered in the affirmative. In this case the parent cell 

 (e] puts forth a bud at the one extremity, whilst the other 

 becomes pointed (e'}, the daughter cell rapidly increases in 

 size (e"), then separates, and, together with the parent cell, 

 acquires a point at the second extremity. R. MEISSNER (IX.) 

 regards the oval shape as the normal form, and the apices of the 

 pointed cells as incipient buds. This, however, can hardly be 

 accepted, since it evolves the assumption that the majority of 

 cells cease growing just when they have begun to reach the 

 budding stage. 



A peculiar shape is exhibited by the Sacch. apiculatus^ var. 

 parasiticus, Lindner, discovered by LINDNER (XXXIX.), and 

 infesting cochineal insects. In most of the cells, one end tapers 

 out to a long point, by means of which the eggs are infected in 



