56 Testing Milk and Its Products. 



removed until the machine stops; it should be tight 

 fitting, since test bottles sometimes break while the ma- 

 chine is running at full speed, and every possible pre- 

 caution should be taken to protect the operator from 

 any danger from spilled acid or broken glass. 



66. Speed required for the complete separation of 

 the fat. There is a definite relation between the diame- 

 ter of the Babcock testers and the speed required for a 

 perfect separation of the fat. In the preliminary work 

 with the Babcock test the inventor found that with the 

 machine used, the wheel of which had a diameter of 

 eighteen inches, it was necessary to turn the crank, so 

 as to give the test bottles seven or eight hundred revo- 

 lutions per minute, in order to obtain a maximum sepa- 

 ration of fat; later work has shown that this speed is 

 ample. Taking therefore this as a standard, the centri- 

 fugal force to which the contents of the test bottles are 

 subjected when supported on an eighteen-inch wheel 

 and turned 800 revolutions per minute, can be calcu- 

 lated as follows: 



The centrifugal force, F, acting on the bottles is expressed by 

 the formula 



in which w the weight of the bottle with contents, in pounds; 

 v = the velocity, in feet per second, and r = the radius of the 

 wheel in feet. 



When the wheel is turned 800 times a minute, a bottle sup- 

 ported on its rim will travel 2?rrX 8 e =2x3.1415XftX% 0:r::62 - 83 

 feet per second. The weight of a bottle, with milk and acid, is 

 about 3 ounces, or fa of a pound. Substituting these values 

 for v and w, gives 



