The Lactometer and Its Application. 113 



s=1.0343. Introducing this value and that of the total solids 

 in the formula, the calculation is 12.253.316=8.934; 12.25-^ 

 8.934=1.37, which is the specific gravity of the solids in this 

 case. 



126. To recapitulate. Adulteration of milk by water- 

 ing or skimming or bcth may be established by a com- 

 parison of the composition of the suspected sample with 

 that of a control-sample, or if none such can be ob- 

 tained, with the legal standards. If the composition of 

 the two samples varies appreciably, the milk has been 

 adulterated, and the character of the adulteration is 

 shown from the following statement : 



If the analysis of the suspected sample 

 shows 



sp. gr. of milk ) , ] 



fat and solids not fat ,. / > watered 



gr. of solids \ ., . ._._._ normal ) 



sp. gr. of milk and of solids ) . * * 1 



solids not f at \ m | L skimmed 



J:at and solids JcJK J 



~"sp\gr. f milk "*. normal v J watered 



sp.'gr. of solids normal or high > and 



fat and solids not fat low ) skimmed 



The extentof the adulteration is determined as given 

 below. k 



127. ^fcWation of extent of adulteration. 1 In the 



following fyPffil*w percentages found in the control- 

 samples, if sucrHfrfc at hand, are always substituted for 

 the legal standarcfe, 



a. Skimming. 1. If a sample of milk has been 

 skimmed, the following formula will give^he number 

 cf pounds cf f at *abstr acted from lOO^il^V^f milk: 



Fat abstracted=legal standard for fat f, . . (I) 

 f being the per cent, of fat in the suspected sample. 



1 Well, Handbook for Farmers and Dairymen, New York, 1907, pp. 



267-8. 



8 



