CHAP. X.] 



THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. 



117 



The left common carotid arises from the middle of the upper 

 surface of the arch of the aorta, and the left subclavian arises 

 from the left upper surface of the arch. 



FIGS. 88, 89. THE AORTA. A, from before ; B, from behind, with the origin of its 

 principal branches. (R. Quain.) 1, 2, ascending aorta ; 2, 3, arch of aorta ; 4, innomi- 

 nate artery ; 5, left carotid ; (5, left subclavian ; 7, 7, 7, intercostal and lumbar^arteries ; 

 8, 8, renal arteries ; 9, 9, common iliac arteries ; 10, middle sacral arteries ; 11, one of 

 the phrenic arteries ; -f, cceliac axis; 12, gastric; 13, hepatic; 14, splenic artery; 15, 

 superior mesenteric ; 16, inferior mesenteric ; 17, 17, spermatic or ovarian arteries. 



