144 PTOMAINKS AND TOXALBl'MINS. 



form> a crystalline mass. Is produced in cultures of the cholera 

 >j.ii ilium and of the spirillum of Finkler and Prior which have been 

 kept for a month or more at 37 C. 



Putretcin, C 4 H 1S N,. A base resembling cadaverin and com- 

 1 1 1< mly associated with it. Obtained by Brieger from various sources, 

 most abundantly from substances containing gelatin and in the 

 in- re advanced stages of putrefaction. It is obtained in the form of 

 a hydrate, which is a transparent liquid having a boiling point of 

 a bou t 1 :'.") . With acids it forms crystalline salts. 



X'i/n'in. C t A ,.N 2 . Resembles cadaverin and is commonly as- 

 B Mated with it in putrefying material. Isolated by Brieger. 



Met Ill/In mine, CH S .NH,. Obtained by Brieger from putrefying 

 ti-li and from old cultures of the cholera spirillum. 



Dinn'f In/la mine, (CH,),.NH. Obtained by Brieger from putre- 

 fying p -la tin and by Bocklisch from decomposing fish. 



Trt'im-f hi/him inc. (CH,) S N. Obtained from various sources, and 

 ly Brieger from cultures of the cholera spirillum and of the strepto- 



ns r pu-. 



TOXIC PTOMAINES. 



\ 'iriii, C ft H,,NO. First obtained by Liebreich in 1865 as a 

 I. < ,.nijK>sition product of protagon from the brain. Obtained by 

 Brieger from putrefying muscular tissue. When crystallized from 

 an aqueous solution it forms five- or six-sided plates ; from an alco- 

 holic solution it crystallizes in the form of needles (Liebreich). This 

 -e, is toxic in small doses. In frogs the injection of a few milli- 



1 1 lines produces paralysis of the extremities. Respiration is first 

 a r posted and the heart stops in diastole. Atropine appears to be a 

 physiological antidote to the toxic effects of neurin. In rabbits it 

 produces profuse salivation. The pupil is contracted by the direct 

 application of a concentrated solution. 



<'!,/ in.. C.H..NO,. First obtained from hog's bile by Strecker 

 in 1862. Has been obtained by Brieger from various sources, in- 

 hiding i Mil tn ITS of the cholera spirillum. It is also found widely 

 di-trihuted in the vegetable kingdom. Maybe prepared from the 

 s oik of eggs by the method of Diakonow. Cholin is obtained in the 

 t'onn of a syrupy, alkaline liquid which combines with acids to form 

 deliquescent salt-. At first this base was not supposed to have toxic 

 properties. lut more recent researches have shown that in compara- 

 tively large doses it produces symptoms resembling those caused by 

 minute doses of m-nrin. 



Mu8carin, C,H U NO,. This toxic principle of poisonous mush- 



i ns has al so h, M n < >btained by Brieger f r< >m pu t ref ying fish. It may 

 be produ.-.-d artiti.-ially hy tin- oxidation of oholin. In small doses 

 it kilU rahhit< and frogs. In the rabbit it produces lacrymation and 



