ESSENTIAL OILS, ETC. 201 



shown to have considerable antiseptic value 1 : 2,000 restrained the 

 development of streptococci; 1: 500 of the diphtheria bacillus ; 1: 20 

 of Staph ylococcus pyogenes aureus ; 1 : 33 the bacillus of typhoid 

 fever. Streptococci and diphtheria bacilli were destroyed in twenty- 

 four hours by a solution of 1 : 200 ; Staphylococcus aureus, subjected 

 to the action of pure ichthyol, was destroyed in five hours in a five- 

 per-cent solution it survived for four days. Cultures of the typhoid 

 bacillus mixed with a fifty-per-cent solution were not completely 

 sterilized in thirty hours; a small number of bacilli in bouillon were, 

 however, destroyed by a three-per-cent solution in forty-eight hours. 

 Anthrax spores on silk threads were not destroyed by a fifty-per-cent 

 solution at the end of one hundred and forty days. 



Indol. When added in excess to water this agent failed to de- 

 stroy anthrax spores in eighty days (Koch). 



Izal is a coal-tar product which has recently been introduced as 

 a disinfectant. Klein (1892) reports that in the strength of ten per 

 cent it kills anthrax spores in fifteen minutes. In the absence of 

 spores various pathogenic bacteria were killed in five minutes by a 

 solution containing 1 : 200. 



Lanolin. According to Gottstein, various microorganisms tested 

 by him failed to grow in cultures after having been in contact with 

 pure lanolin for five to seven days. 



Loretin. Korff (1895) claims for this agent that a two-per-cent 

 solution is superior to corresponding solutions of lysol, metakresol, 

 or phenol, and that it has the advantage of being non-toxic, odorless, 

 and non-irritating. 



Lysol. Weiss (1895) has tested this product and reports that a 

 solution of three-fourths per cent destroyed his test organisms (pus 

 cocci, typhoid bacillus, Bacillus coli communis, etc.) in five minutes. 

 Anthrax spores were destroyed by the same solution in one hour. 



Naphthol. In the proportion of 1 : 10,000 naphthol prevents the 

 development of the glanders bacillus, the anthrax bacillus, the typhoid 

 bacillus, the micrococcus of fowl cholera, of Staphylococcus aureus 

 and albus, and of several other microorganisms tested by Maximo- 

 vitch. The same author states that although insoluble in cold water, 

 water at 70 C. dissolves 0.44 in one thousand parts. When urine is 

 shaken up with naphthol in powder it does not undergo fermenta- 

 tion. 



In the experiments of Foote hydronaphthol was found to show 

 some germicidal power in the proportion of 1 : 2,300, but the conclu- 

 sion is reached that a saturated aqueous solution (1 : 1,150) does not 

 equal a one-per-cent solution of carbolic acid or of creolin. 



The writer, in 1892, obtained the following results in experiments 

 with naphthols upon the cholera spirillum. 



