228 MODES OF ACTION. 



to endocarditis, etc. Again, mixed infection may be induced by 

 injecting simultaneously into susceptible animals two species of path- 

 ogenic bacteria. 



Bumm, Bockhart, and others have reported cases of mixed gonor- 

 rhoeal infection in which the.pyogenic micrococci gave rise to ab- 

 scesses in the glands of Bartholin, to cystitis, parametritis, or to 

 " gonorrhceal inflammation " of the knee joint. Babes gives numer- 

 ous examples of mixed infection in scarlet fever and in other diseases 

 of childhood. Anton and Fiitterer have studied the question of 

 secondary infection in typhoid fever. Karlinski has reported a case 

 of secondary infection with anthrax in a case of typhoid fever, infec- 

 tion occurring by way of the intestine. Many other examples of 

 secondary or mixed infection are recorded in the recent literature of 

 bacteriology and clinical medicine, but enough has been said to call 

 attention to the importance of the subject. 



The researches of Romer, Kanthack (1892), and others show that 

 the injection of the filtered products of certain bacteria (Bacillus 

 pyocyaneus, Vibrio Metchnikovi, etc.) produces a decided leucocy- 

 tosis in the animals experimented upon. And a similar result, prob- 

 ably from a like cause, has been shown by recent experiments to 

 occur in pneumonia (Billings) and other infectious diseases. 



Certain bacterial products have been shown by experiment to pro- 

 duce fever when injected into the circulation or beneath the skin of 

 lower animals ; others produce rapid respiration, dilatation of pupils, 

 diarrhoea, and paralysis or convulsions (typhotoxin of Brieger, 

 methyl-guanidin, etc.) ; the toxic effects of some are immediate and 

 of others more or less remote (toxalbumin of diphtheria) ; others have 

 a primary toxic effect which is followed after a time by toxic symp- 

 toms of a different order (Pneumobacillus liquefaciens bovis). 



