294 PYOGENIC BACTERIA. 



other microorganisms. In eighteen cases of otitis media in young 

 children Netter found Staphylococcus aureus six times and Strepto- 

 coccus pyogenes thirteen times. Scheibe, in eleven cases in which 

 perforation had not yet taken place, found Staphylococcus albus in 

 two and various other microorganisms in the remaining cases ; Sta- 

 phylococcus aureus was not present in any. Habermann obtained 

 aureus associated with other bacteria in a single case of purulent 

 otitis media. In a series of eight cases occurring as a sequela of 

 influenza Scheibe obtained Streptococcus pyogenes in two, " diplo- 

 coccus pneumonias " in two, Staphylococcus aureus in one, Strepto- 

 coccus pyogenes and Staphylococcus albus together in two, and Strep- 

 tococcus pyogenes in association with an undescribed micrococcus in 

 one. In all of these cases a slender bacillus was also present, as 

 shown by microscopical examination, which did not grow in any of 

 the culture media employed. Bordoni-Uffreduzzi and Gradenigo 

 have tabulated the results obtained by various bacteriologists who 

 have examined pus obtained through the previously intact tympanic 

 membrane. In thirty-two cases of this character the microorganism 

 most frequently found was diplococcus pneumonias (Micrococcus 

 pneumonias crouposas of the present writer), which was present in a 

 pure culture in thirteen and associated with Staphylococcus aureus 

 in one, with Staphylococcus albus in one, and with Streptococcus 

 pyogenes in one. In the other sixteen cases the pyogenic cocci were 

 present in all but two, in which bacilli were found Bacillus tenuis 

 in one, a non-liquefying bacillus in one. In twenty-seven cases in 

 which the pus was withdrawn from one to thirty days after paracen- 

 tesis or spontaneous rupture of the membrane, the pyogenic cocci 

 were present in twenty and diplococcus pneumonias in seven. 



In acute nasal catarrh Paulsen found Staphylococcus aureus in 

 seven cases out of twenty-four examined, and E. Frankel in two out of 

 four ; but it must be remembered that Von Besser has shown that this 

 micrococcus is frequently present in the secretions from the healthy 

 nasal mucous membrane, and we have experimental evidence that 

 the pus organisms, when introduced into the conjunctival sac of 

 rabbits (Widmark), do not give rise to catarrhal inflammation. On 

 the other hand, Widmark found that when inoculated into the cornea 

 of rabbits an intense conjunctivitis resulted, together with keratitis 

 and perforation of the cornea in fifteen per cent of the cases. The 

 same author in his bacteriological researches obtained the pyogenic 

 staphylococci from the circumscribed abscesses of blepharadenitis, 

 while in inflammation of the lacrymal sac Streptococcus pyogenes 

 was usually present. 



Shougolowicz,in the bacteriological examination of twenty-six cases 

 of trachoma, found Staphylococcus albus in twelve, Staphylococcus 



