426 BACILLI IN CHRONIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 



yellowish-white in color, and in which gas bubbles may be developed. De- 

 velopment is most rapid at a temperature of 35 to 38, but also occurs at the 

 room temperature. 



Pathogenesis. The etiological relation of this bacillus to the disease with 

 which it is associated has not been established. It is pathogenic for mice 

 and for guinea pigs, less so for rabbits; in this regard, as in its morphology 

 and growth in various culture media, it bears a close resemblance to Fried- 

 lander's bacillus, which is also found not infrequently in the nasal secretions 

 of healthy persons and in those suffering from chronic nasal catarrh or ozaena. 



The principal points of difference, as pointed out by Baum^arten, are as 

 follows: The bacillus of rhinoscleroma is usually more decidedly rod shaped 

 than Friedlander's bacillus, although both may be of so short an oval as to 

 resemble micrococci. The first-mentioned bacillus constantly presents the 

 appearance of being surrounded by a transparent capsule, even in the cul- 

 tures in artificial media, while Friedlander's bacillus in such media does not 

 usually present this appearance, unless as a result of special treatment. 

 Finally, the bacillus of rhinoscleroma may retain its color, in part at least, 

 when treated by Gram's method, while Friedlander's bacillus is completely 

 decolorized when placed in the iodine solution employed in this method. 



Notwithstanding these points of difference, Baumgarten is not entirely 

 satisfied that this bacillus is a distinct species, and several bacteriologists 

 have maintained that it is identical with the bacillus of Friedlander. 



59. BACILLUS OF KOUBASOFF. 



Obtained by Koubasoff (1889) from new growths in the stomach of a 

 person who died of cancer of the stomach. 



Morphology. Bacilli with round ends, or with one end pointed, two or 

 three times as long as the tubercle bacillus and three or four times as thick. 



Stains readily with the aniline colors. 



Biological Characters. A.n aerobic and facultative anaerobic, non- 

 liquefying, motile bacillus. Forms spores in the centre of the rods. Grows 

 in the usual culture media at the room temperature, more rapidly at 3<T O. 

 In stick cultures in glycerin-gelatin the growth resembles an inverted stetho- 

 scopa; at the surface a circular, bluish membrane is formed, which is de- 

 pressed in the form of a funnel, while along ths line of puncture a slender, 

 yellowish, jagged column is developed. Upon agrar, at 36 C., a bluish- 

 white layer is quickly developed. Upon potato the growth resembles that 

 of the typhoid bacillus at first; later a granular membrane is formed; under 

 a low power the granules appear to be formed of intertwined masses of fila- 

 ments. The growth upsn blood seru'n is similar to that upon agar. 



Pathogenesis. Subcutaneous injections in guinea-pigs cause their death 

 in one to two weeks, in rabbits in one to two months, in cats and dogs in 

 two months or more. Death occurs in a shorter time in animals which have 

 been fed upon cultures than as a result of subcutaneous injections. The 

 animals became very much emaciated and have paralysis of the sphincter 

 muscles. At the autopsy fiat or nodular elevations, which are often ulce- 

 rated, are seen here and there upon the mucous membrane of the stomach 

 and intestine; the mesentery, especially of the small intestine, ishyperaemic; 

 the mesenteric glands are swollen, as are also the inguinal glands. In the 

 liver and sometimes in the ovary, uterus, and spleen larger or smaller nod- 

 ules are seen. 



60. BACILLUS OP NOCARD. 



Obtained by Nocard (1888) from pus collected from the superficial ab- 

 Q rattle Buffering fro n a ehrmic infectious disease which prevails 

 especially upon the island of Guadaloupe known as 4 ' farcin du boeuf" 

 ''"'. NVimnkraiiklu'it." 



Morphology.--*, long and slender bacillus, about as thick as the bacillus 

 i (Bacillus murisepticus) ; usually seen in tangled masses which 

 an opaque central portion surrounded by long filaments, which 



