NOT DESCRIBED IN PREVIOUS SECTIONS. 515 



found at the autopsy may not have been atmospheric air, but may have been 

 produced by this or some similar microorganism entering the circulation and 

 developing after death. 



157. BACILLUS OF CANON AND PIELICKE. 



"Found by Canon and Pielicke (1892) in the blood of fourteen patients 

 with measles, and supposed to be the etiological agent in this disease. 



Morphology. Bacilli varying greatly in size; sometimes the length is 

 equal to the diameter of a red blood corpuscle, others are quite short and 

 resemble diplococci ; often united in pairs. 



Stained by Canon, in blood drawn from the finger, by the use of the fol- 

 lowing solution : Concentrated aqueous solution of methylene blue, forty 

 cubic centimetres ; one-quarter-per-cent solution of eosin in seventy-per-cent 

 alcohol, twenty cubic centimetres; distilled water, forty cubic centimetres. 

 The preparations were first placed in absolute alcohol for five to ten minutes, 

 then placed in the staining solution in the incubating oven at 37 C. from 

 six to twenty hours. Some of the bacilli do not stain uniformly, but present 

 the appearance of stained spots alternating with unstained portions. 



Biological Characters not determined. Does not grow in glycerin-agar 

 or in blood serum. In bouillon inoculated with blood from the finger of a 

 measles patient, bacilli were obtained in three cultures which resembled the 

 bacillus found in the blood, and which failed to grow when transplanted to- 

 glycerin-agar, blood serum, or bouillon. At first the bouillon remained 

 clear, with a sediment at the bottom partly made up of the inoculated blood ; 

 after several days a faint cloudiness was noticed and small flocculi formed. 

 In these bouillon cultures the bacilli had various forms and dimensions, 

 some of them exceeding in length those found in stained preparations from 

 the blood. They appeared to have a slight independent motion. The bacilli 

 in these bouillon cultures did not stain by Gram's method. The bacilli re- 

 ferred to were found in the blood preparations in varying numbers some- 

 times very few, and at others the first field examined was crowded. They 

 were found during the whole course of the disease, and in one case three 

 days after the fever had disappeared. They were also found in the secre- 

 tions from the nose and conjunctiva of measles patients. 



158. BACILLUS SANGUINIS TYPHI. 



Obtained (1892) by Brannan and Cheesman from the blood of typhus- 

 fever patients. "The blood, obtained under strict antiseptic precautions 

 from the six living patients, was streaked on six-per-cent glycerin-agar 

 plates, and smeared on sterilized cover glasses by Dr. Brannan and brought 

 at once to the laboratory. The cover-glass smears from all the cases, being' 

 dried at once in the air, were fixed in alcohol and stained in Czenzynski's 

 solution for eighteen hours at room temperature. Although all of these 

 covers were examined throughout with a one-sixteenth homogeneous immer- 

 sion lens in the most careful manner, in only about one-half of them a few 

 blue-stained bacilli were found, never more than eight or ten on a cover." 



Morphology. Bacilli with round ends, from 1 to 2. 5 ju long and 0.5 to 

 0.8 u broad ; solitary or in pairs, and occasionally in chains containing six 

 to eight elements; often club-shaped, or ovoid in recent cultures. 



Stains with the usual aniline colors and by Gram's method. 



Biological Characters. An aerobic and facultative anaerobic, non- 

 motile bacillus. Does not form spores. Does not grow at a lower tempera- 

 ture than 27 C. Grows best upon blood serum at 37.5 C. Upon glycerin- 

 agar plates colonies are developed which at the end of eighteen hours appear 

 as minute, bluish-gray, translucent spots, the diameter of which does not 

 exceed 0.25 millimetre ; later the colonies appear dry and scaly, they 

 are flat, more opaque, and whiter, and do not exceed two millimetres in 



