566 PATHOGENIC SPIRILLA. 



phyte Vibrio aquatilis. About the same time (1892) Kiessling obtained from 

 water, from Blankenese, a vibrio which presented similar characters and 

 probably is identical with that of Gunther. Weibel obtained from well-water 

 a vibrio which liquefies gelatin more rapidly than the cholera vibrio ; its 

 pathogenic action was not tested. Bujwid (1893) isolated from Weichsel 

 water a vibrio which at low temperatures (12 C.) grew almost the same as 

 the cholera vibrio, but at higher temperatures was easily distinguished from 

 it. Bujwid's assistant, Orlowski, found in a well at Lubin a very similar 

 vibrio. Loffler (1893) obtained from the Peene water a vibrio which at 37 

 C. grows rapidlv and liquefies gelatin very rapidly, like the Finkler-Prior 

 spirillum. Fokker (1893), from water of the harbor at Groningen, obtained 

 a vibrio which rapidly liquefied gelatin and occasionally gave the indol re- 

 action. Injections into the peritoneal cavity of mice and guinea-pigs gave 

 a negative result. Fokker supposes that this is an attenuated cholera bacil- 

 lus, because it forms the same ensyme as cholera bacteria, and when culti- 

 vated for three months its characters, especially its peptonizing power, had 

 changed. Fischer (1893) found in the stools of a woman suffering from diar- 

 rhoea a vibrio which in gelatin cultures resembled that of Fiiikler and 

 Prior. In bouillon and peptone solution it caused clouding and formation of 

 a pellicle, but only gave a slight indol reaction. A portion of the mice in- 

 oculated subcutaneously had after a time abscesses, from the contents of 

 which Fischer was able to cultivate his vibrio, which he named Vibrio helco- 

 genes. Vogler (1893), in an extended series of examinations of faeces, found 

 a vibrio which showed many points of resemblance to the cholera vibrio in 

 its growth in gelatin. But it constantly gave a negative indol reaction, and 

 was not pathogenic for guinea-pigs when injected into the peritoneal cavity. 

 Bleisch obtained from the dejecta of a man who died with choleraic symptoms 

 a bacterium which upon gelatin plates grew at first like the cholera bacillus, but 

 was distinguished from it by many points of difference in other respects : 

 short rods, sometimes bent, but never showing spiral forms. It gave the 

 cholera-red reaction. Wolf (1883) obtained from cervical secretion, from a 

 woman suffering from chronic endometritis, a comma-formed bacillus, which 

 in its growth on gelatin plates resembled the cholera vibrio. The liquefac- 

 tion was, however, much more rapid, a culture a day old being as far ad- 

 vanced as a cholera culture of three to four days. The addition of sulphuric 

 acid to a bouillon culture caused a faint rose-red color, which upon standing 

 changed to brown. The addition of sulphuric acid and potassium iodide paste 

 did not cause a blue color, so there was no formation of nitrites. Bonhoff 

 (1893), in water from Stolpe, in Pommerania, discovered two vibrios, one of 

 which in the first twenty-four hours grew like the cholera vibrio, but did not 

 give the cholera-red reaction. Out of four guinea-pigs inoculated one only 

 died with cholera-like symptoms. The other vibrio gave the cholera-red reac- 

 tion, but did not liquefy gelatin and was very inconstant as regards its patho- 

 genic power. Zorkendorfer (1893) isolated a vibrio from the stools of a 

 woman who died with choleraic symptoms, which ac first grew upon gelatin 

 plates like the cholera vibrio, but after the second day liquefied the gelatin 

 very rapidly, so that it could no longer be taken for the same. The indol 

 reaction was constantly absent, and it was not pathogenic for guinea-pigs, 

 rabbits, or pigeons. Blackstein (1893) obtained from trie water of the Seine 

 a comma bacillus which resembled the cholera vibrio in many particulars, but 

 was distinguished by the finer granulation and more opaque appearance of 

 its colonies. Sanarelli (1893), by the use of special media, isolated from the 

 water of the Seine and of the Marne no less man thirty-two vibrios, four of 

 which resembled the cholera vibrio in giving the indol reaction. Three 

 others gave the indol reaction after eight days ; the remainder did not give it 

 at all, or only very faintly. The vibrios which upon a first inoculation gave 

 no results or only very slight evidence of pathogenic power, when carried 

 through a series of animals caused a fatal infection. When a sterilized cul- 

 ture of the colon bacillus was injected at the same time death always oc- 



