572 BACTERIA IX INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 



ALOPECIA. 



Robinson (1888) claims to have found, in sections from the diseased skin 

 in a case of alopecia areata, micrococci having- a diameter of about 0.8 /*, usu- 

 ally united in pairs and associated in zooglcea masses. They were located 

 for the most part in the lymph spaces of the central portion o'f the chorium. 

 They stained with the usual aniline colors and also by Gram's method. No 

 culture or inoculation experiments were made. 



Kasauli (1889) obtained from the margins of the affected patches in alope- 

 cia areata a bacillus about two to three times as long as broad, and which 

 formed spores. It was attached to hail's withdrawn from the diseased 

 patches, and was easily cultivated in various media. 



Yaillard and Vincent (1890), in a form of alopecia resembling favus, ob- 

 tained by cultivation, from hairs pulled out from the diseased patches, a mi- 

 crococcus ; this was also found in the hair follicles in stained sections. The 

 diameter of this micrococcus was about 1 n ; it was easily stained with the 

 aniline colors and by Gram's method ; grew in nutrient gelatin, causing 

 liquefaction ; did not grow well upon potato ; was pathogenic for mice. 

 When applied to the surface of the body of guinea-pigs or rabbits, by rub- 

 bing, alopecia resulted similar to that in the cases from which the micrococ- 

 cus was first obtained. 



Hollborn (1895) thinks it probable that alopecia areata is due to a micro- 

 scopic fungus described by him, which bears some resemblance to Trichophy- 

 ton tonsurans. 



Elliott (1895) believes that the most frequent cause of alopecia praematura 

 is some form or grade of eczema seborrhoicum. See Eczema. 



ANGINA. 



Although the pus cocci are frequently found in the secretions from the 

 mouth, nares, and fauces of healthy persons, there can be but little doubt 

 that they are concerned in the etiology of angina, and of catarrhal or pseudo- 

 diphtheritic inflammations of mucous membranes elsewhere. 



Dornberger (1894) reports that in fortv-five per cent of the healthy indi- 

 viduals examined streptococci were found. In 78.9 per cent of the cases of 

 angina Streptococcus longus was found, but never in pure cultures ; in aii- 

 gina phlegmonosa Streptococcus brevis was present ; in seven cases of acute 

 catarrhal angina streptococci were found five times, and in chronic catarrhal 

 angina in one-half the cases. 



Plaut (1894) in five cases of severe angina found Miller's bacillus in large 

 numbers in the exudate in the fauces, and believes that it was the cause of 

 the inflammation of the mucous membrane. 



Goldschneider (1893) found in the angina of scarlet fever streptococci 

 only in seven cases, and staphylococci alone in fourteen. No difference was 

 observed in the exudate in the cases belonging to the two groups, but tlu> 

 streptococcus angina was more severe and ran a more protracted ccnu>; 

 (average duration 12.6 days). In eight cases streptococci and staphylococci 

 were associated these had an average duration of thirteen days. 



Booker (1892) found streptococci in the angina of scarlet fever and 

 measles, associated in some cases with staphylococci. 



ANTHRAX. 



Due to the presence of Bacillus anthracis (No. 45) in the blood 

 and tissues of infected animals or in malignant pustule and in 

 " wool-sorters' disease " in man. 



