BACTERIA IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 573 



APPENDICITIS. 



Hodenpyl (1893) in ten cases of appendicitis in which a bacterio- 

 logical examination was made found Bacillus coli communis in pure 

 culture, and in one case the same bacillus associated with Strepto- 

 coccus pyogenes. Including his own cases with twenty-four re- 

 corded by other investigators the colon bacillus was the only micro- 

 organism present in thirty-two out of the thirty-five cases. 



ARTHRITIS. 



In arthritis following pneumonia the Micrococcus pneumonia? 

 crou posse has been found in pure culture by several bacteriologists 

 Boulloche, Schwartz, Picque and Veillon, Brunner. In gonorrhoeal 

 arthritis the gonococcus has been found by Bordoni-Uffreduzzi, Pal- 

 tauf, Lindemann, Neisser, and others. Manley (1894) saj's: "In the 

 most virulent cases which have come under my own care the as- 

 pirated fluid was found to contain no gonococci ; while in other cases 

 which ran a mild course, it was said that the gonococcus and some- 

 times the diplococcus were seen in large numbers." 



In suppurative arthritis following scarlet fever streptococci have 

 been found in pus from the affected joints by Babes, Kankin, Len- 

 harz, and by Bellingham Smith (1895). 



BERI-BERI. 



Lacerda (1887) claims to have demonstrated the presence of cocci, some- 

 times united in chains, in the blood and tissues of persons affected with beri- 

 beri, and also to have produced in rabbits, by inoculation with his cultures, 

 certain symptoms resembling those which characterize this disease. 



Pekelharing and Winkler (1887) have also obtained by cultivation, from 

 the blood of patients with beri-beri, various forms of bacteria, but princi- 

 pally cocci ; these are described as being usually associated in pairs or in ir- 

 regular groups, as forming a milk-white mass upon agar, and as liquefying 

 gelatin. According to the authors named, injection into rabbits of cultures 

 of this coccus gave rise to multiple nerve degeneration, such as is seen in 

 cases of beri-beri in man. 



Eykmann (1888) failed to obtain cultures from the blood of patients with 

 beri-beri, but demonstrated the presence of slender bacilli similar to those 

 which Pekelharing and Winkler encountered in some of their cases. These 

 failed to grow in the usual culture media. 



In his latest communication upon the subject Pekelharing says that in 

 twelve cases out of fifteen he obtained cultures of micrococci, and bacilli in 

 three out of fifteen. From his inoculation experiments he concludes that 

 the micrococci found are the cause of the morbid phenomena which charac- 

 terize the disease. 



When in Eio de Janeiro (1887) the writer collected blood from the finger 

 from four typical cases of beri-beri, selected by Dr. Lacerda, and introduced 

 it into the usual culture media. The result of this experiment was negative, 

 agreeing in this regard with the results obtained by Eykmann. 



Musso and Morelli (1893) report that they obtained from the blood, sub- 



