576 BACTERIA IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 



which he believes not to be identical with it (see Micrococcus of 

 Bonome, No. 40). 



Jaeger (1894) from a study of the literature arrives at the conclu- 

 sion that in from sixty to seventy per cent of the recorded cases of 

 idiopathic cerebro-spinal meningitis the pneumonia coccus (" Diplo- 

 coccus lanceolatus") has been found. His own researches lead him 

 to believe that the " diplococcus intercellularis " of Weichselbaum is 

 the cause of genuine epidemic meningitis, and that the pneumonia 

 coccus may be present also as a secondary infection. Sporadic cases 

 may be due to streptococcus infection, to tubercular infection, or to 

 pneumococcus infection. In meningitis secondary to middle-ear dis- 

 ease the pneumonia coccus is the usual infectious agent. Sherer 

 (1894) reports three cases of leptomeningitis purulenta in nursing in- 

 fants in which the Bacillus coli communis was found in pure cultures. 

 The infection is supposed to have occurred by bathing the infants in 

 water contaminated by their own discharges. In a later communi- 

 cation (1895) the same author gives an account of an epidemic of 

 cerebro-spinal meningitis among soldiers in which the infectious 

 agent was Diplococcus intercellularis meningitidis (No. 9). This 

 diplococcus was found in the nasal secretions of the infected individ- 

 uals during life, as well as in the exudate from the inflamed men- 

 inges, obtained post mortem. Centanni (1893) has described "a new 

 microorganism of meningitis" under the name Bacillus aerogenes 

 meningitidis (No. 181). 



CHALAZION. 



Deyl (1893) was unable to cause the development of chalazion by introduc- 

 ing 1 a culture of staphylococci into the mouths of the Meibomian glands in 

 man and rabbits. In fifteen cases of incipient sty in which he made bacterio- 

 logical examinations, he found a bacillus which he believes to be concerned 

 in the etiology of this localized infection. 



Landwehr (1894) found in one case almost a pure culture of Micrococcus 

 tetragenus. He arrives at the conclusion that in a certain proportion of tbe 

 cases the tubercle bacillus is the etiological agent, but admits that this has not 

 been demonstrated, and that inoculation experiments in susceptible animals 

 with the contents of the sty have always given negative results. 



CHANCROID. 



Ducrey, in an extended research (1890), was not able to cultivate 

 any specific microorganism from the pus of soft chancres, or of 

 buboes resulting from these ulcers. Various common microorgan- 

 isms were obtained in cultures from the chancroidal ulcers, but a 

 negative result was obtained in his cultures from the pus of buboes. 

 In pustules developed upon the arm from the inoculation of chan- 

 croidal virus he found constantly a bacillus which did not grow in 

 artificial cultures. This was about 1.48 /* long and 0.5 /* thick, with 



